Obesity

Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased healthproblems.[1][2] Body mass index (BMI), a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people as overweight (pre-obese) if their BMI is between 25 and 30 kg/m2, and obese when it is greaterthan 30 kg/m2.
Effects on health
Excessive body weight is associated with various diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, high blood pressure, high bloodcholesterol, high triglyceride levels, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. As a result, obesity has been found to reduce life expectancy.
Causes
At an individual level, acombination of excessive food energy intake and a lack of physical activity is thought to explain most cases of obesity A limited number of cases are due primarily to genetics, medical reasons, orpsychiatric illness. In contrast, increasing rates of obesity at a societal level are felt to be due to an easily accessible and palatable diet, increased reliance on cars, and mechanized manufacturing.Sedentary Lifestyle
A sedentary lifestyle plays a significant role in obesity.[84] Worldwide there has been a large shift towards less physically demanding work,[85][86][87] and currently at least 60%of the world's population gets insufficient exercise.[86] This is primarily due to increasing use of mechanized transportation and a greater prevalence of labor-saving technology in thehome.[85][86][87] In children, there appear to be declines in levels of physical activity due to less walking and physical education.[88] World trends in active leisure time physical activity are less clear.Genetics
Like many other medical conditions, obesity is the result of interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Polymorphisms in various genes controlling appetite and metabolism predispose...