Peste

APA Publication
Manual
Sixth Edition

1

2001

2010
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What is APA?
APA
(American Psychological
Association)
It was developed by social
and behavioral scientists to
standardize scientific writing.
It is the most commonly used
format for manuscripts in the
social sciences.
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What is APA?


Manual Chapters


Chapter 1:Writing for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

Chapter 2: Manuscript Structure and Content



Chapter 3: Writing Clearly and Concisely



Chapter 4: The Mechanics of Style



Chapter 5: Displaying Results



Chapter 6: Crediting Sources



Chapter 7: Reference Examples



Chapter 8: The Publication Process
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What is APA?


APA style is used for:
 Empirical

studies

 Literature

reviews Theoretical

articles

 Methodological
 Case

articles

studies

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Ethical and Legal Standards in Publishing


Ensuring accuracy of scientific knowledge
 Ethical

reporting of research results: be honest.

 Data

sharing: make data available during review and
publication process.

 Data

retention: retain raw data for five years after
publication andprotect confidentiality of research
participants.

 Duplicate

publication: same data or ideas in two
separate publications.
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Ethical and Legal Standards in Publishing


Ensuring accuracy of scientific knowledge
 Piecemeal

publication of data: unnecessary splitting of
the findings from one research effort into multiple
articles.

 Plagiarism
 Self-plagiarism:

presentpreviously published work as
new scholarship.

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Ethical and Legal Standards in Publishing


Protecting the rights and welfare of
research participants
 Rights

and confidentiality of research
participants

 Conflict

of interest

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Ethical and Legal Standards in Publishing


Protecting intellectual property rights
 Publication

credit: authorship is reserved forpersons
who make a substantial contribution to and who
accept responsibility for a published work.
 Reviewers: the manuscript is a confidential and
privileged document during review process.
 Author´s copyright on an unpublished manuscript:
include the copyright notice on all published and
unpublished works.
 Planning for ethical compliance.
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Language in an APA paper


Clear:be specific in descriptions and explanations.



Concise: condense information when you can.



Plain: use simple, descriptive adjectives and minimize
the figurative language.



Use:
 The

third person rather than the first person:

e.g. CORRECT: The study showed that…
INCORRECT: I found that...
 The

active voice rather than the passive voice:

e.g. CORRECT: Theparticipants responded…
INCORRECT: The participants have been asked....
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Format


Margins: Set margin at 1 inch (2.54 cm.) from all edges
of the paper.



Alignment: Is set at the left margin only for all text
except title and title page.



Font (typeface): The preferred typeface is Times New
Roman 12.





Indents: Indent the first sentence of each paragraph ½
inch.All other lines of the paragraph wrap to the left
margin. Indent blocked quotes (40 words or more)
including the first sentence.
Line Spacing: All lines are double-spaced. The first line
of each page (except title page) begins at the top margin.
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Format


Page Numbers: Place page numbers at the top right
corner (inside the header), beginning with the title page.



Order ofManuscript Pages
 Title

page
 Abstract
 Text
 References
 Tables
 Figures
 Appendices
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Manuscript Elements: Title Page


Running Head
 On

the first line of the title page flush-left.

 Begin

with the words “Running head” following by a
colon. Then give an abbreviated title of your paper in
50 characters or less (in caps.).

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Manuscript Elements:...