Pollution

We'll talk about an issue that is important and we must take into account because it is extremely important.
That is the issue of pollution and animal extinction, something that started to happen already killed many animals.
Recently there was a problem that are destroying marine life.
And global warming has begun to melt the poles and many terrestrial and marine animals have died from this.…humans are the ultimate weed species... We have shown an incredible ability to invade, change, and inhabit every habitat type on the planet. Richard P. Reading (1)

While natural extinction of species takes place continuously “in the background” of history, it has also been estimated that the current extinction rates are around 1,000 times higher than the “background” extinction rates. (2)The main fundamental cause of animal extinction in most recent times has been, without any reasonable doubt, human demand, either for animal resources directly, or for the natural resources constituting the animals’ habitats.

In addition to that, there are other indirect causes which are nonetheless initiated by human activities.

We explore these areas in depth below.

Habitat Loss andFragmentation

Orangutans are endangered
due to loss of
their rainforest habitat
Habitat loss, as a result of human demand, is widely considered to be the most important cause of animal extinction.

Rainforests are the main habitats for tropical animals.

There are huge demands laid constantly on forests by various parties.

Tropical rainforests are cleared for wood / timber resources,development of petroleum resources (see the oil contamination case of Ecuador rainforest), mineral resources, for cash-crop plantations and subsistence farming.

Richard P. Reading summarizes the effects of habitat loss and its contribution to animal extinction very well below:

Habitat changes reduce biotic integrity (i.e., ecosystem health), deplete native species, and greatly simplify thesystem and its habitats (e.g., crop agriculture).

The process of habitat destruction is incremental. Each piece of habitat may not seem important individually, but there are cumulative effects. The process is more insidious than direct overexploitation. No one holds a “smoking gun.” The native species simply vanish.

The effects of these changes can be predicted mathematically.

Roughly, when90% of the habitat is eliminated, 50% of the species will be lost.

Selection of the lost species, however, is not random.

The larger, wide-ranging species, such as large carnivores, suffer first. Because those groups often contribute to healthy ecosystem processes, a wave of secondary losses may follow their decline …

Animals that conflict with humans are also the victims of concertederadication efforts.

Species with a narrow geographic range, or species that were never common, are vulnerable as well.

Species that are not effective dispersers are limited when their habitat is disrupted.

Species with narrow niche requirements may see that niche disappear quickly.

And species that live in colonies, or social groups, are often affected when numbers decline.

Whenhabitat is fragmented, some species die as a direct result of lost resources.

Other species survive in reduced numbers in the habitat fragments, but their vulnerability to extinction increases.

Populations existing in fragments become susceptible to genetic disorders, demographic problems, environmental variability, and catastrophic events.

Fragmented populations are especially vulnerable todeterministic events, such as susceptibility to poaching, as border areas become population sinks, where population death rates exceed birth rates. (3)

To emphasize it once again, endemic species (those present only in a certain geographical location) are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss.

As an example, there are many species of frogs endemic to small locations, such as the blue...