Psicología

Consummation of Independence


-Teacher: Juan Arturo Cordero Sandoval
-Adriana Patricia Corral Juárez
-Route: 2 B

After more than ten years of fighting, the insurgents and the realists understood that peace was necessary to work progress and live without fear. The royalists, commanded by Agustín de Iturbide, were the first to notice the impossibility of defeating the insurgents.So wait no longer Iturbide and Guerrero arranged a meeting with the people of Acatempan, on February 10, 1821, and invited him to join realistic and insurgent armies and declare independence. They reached an agreement and joined their armies. This union was established in the Plan of Iguala or the Three Guarantees, because Iturbide proposed independence of the country, the union of all Mexicans andthe defense of the Catholic religion. Guerrero accepted and signed the plan. Integrated into a single army, both sides pledged to defend the country. The new army adopted a flag of three diagonal stripes with white, green and red, and each color a gold star to symbolize the fulfillment of the three guarantees. This flag was the symbol of the Plan of Iguala, which was sworn in on February 24, 1821in today's state of Guerrero (at this date was established also the celebration of Flag Day). Spain has not recognized the independence and named Juan O'Donojú viceroy of New Spain. Informed of his arrival, he intercepted Iturbide to notify you that the country had declared its independence. Then the viceroy, who in fact was the last and did not exercise his office, recognized the independence ofour country and signed on August 27, 1821, in Veracruz, the Treaty of Cordoba for ratification. These treaties were taken to Spain for adaptation, but were repulsed. Still, nothing could change: independence was achieved. The September 27, 1821, the inhabitants of Mexico City decorated their balconies, doors and windows with colorful banners and triumphal arches tended through the main streetsfor linking Trigarante Army forces Iturbide and Guerrero. For the first time insurgents and royalists marched together. The union of insurgents and royalists was for convenience. Basically there were two political positions: the monarchy, defended by Agustín de Iturbide, and the Republican, supported by Vicente Guerrero. Mexico, to start their independent life, aspired to be a real country. Mexicanswere free to the task of finding the formula for nation building and clashed leading to strife and political unrest. The country had social changes. The Spanish peninsular left for Spain, but some stayed here because Mexican families had formed. The Creoles were divided into two groups: on one side the Creoles rich landowners and mine owners, eager to maintain the ancient privileges, and theother Creoles, with minor positions in the priesthood, the military and law. Spain no longer attempt to recover its former colony. In July 1829 he left Cuba last Spanish military expedition under Brigadier Isidro Barradas, with a mission to conquer Mexico, but was rejected by the Mexican General Manuel Mier y Terán and Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Mestizos, Indians and castes, but were no longerslaves, remained in a miserable situation, similar to the one they had in colonial times.
The industry was handmade, continued the tradition of crafts made ​​with rudimentary tools and work in the mills.
With regard to agriculture, the farms and plantations were abandoned. In several haciendas that produced sugar, for example, cane grinding machines had been used to cast cannons and guns. Inaddition, farmers were unaware of the progress made in European countries.The trade was hardly independent Mexico. Was limited to crops such as snuff or cotton, and leather manufactures, clay and ceramics. The first form of government was the rule. Agustín de Iturbide used his popularity and made Pio Marcha, a subordinate, and other military forced the Constituent Congress (interim body of government)...