Quimica

Chemistry
Ozone Layer:
*La capa de ozono esta formada por compuestos de oxigeno, una molécula de ozono contiene tres átomos de oxigeno, por lo tanto su formula es O3 , el propósito del ozono es proteger al planeta de los rayos U.V. los cuales son muy dañinos para los seres vivos que habitamos en el, actualmente la capa de ozono es dañada y destruida por unos compuestos químicos llamados, clorofluro carbonatos o bien CFC´s estos compuestos son utilizados por el hombre para los sistemas de uso de temperaturas, tales como refrigeradores, aires acondicionados, etc…
O3
*Ozone is formed by the aid of UV rays, when one oxygen molecule is floating in the air and UV rays collide with them causing them to break and form molecules of three atoms of oxygen (O3) = Ozone.
UV rays
UV-A: Theyare not harmful and help the skin nutrition.
UV-B: No harmful but higher intensity and energy, help to form the ozone.
U.V.-C: These are the highest energy intensity cause severe skin lesions.
Greenhouse effect
* The greenhouse effect is the natural warming of earth's surface that occurs when certain gases in the atmosphere absorb some of the solar energy that ir converted to heat andreflected from earth's surface. Catilityc converters remove harmful pollutants such as CO and NO this devices produce nitrous oxide N2O "laughing gas" strongly absorb infrared light which couses the earth atmosphere to retain more heat.
Kyoto Protocol= is an agreement in which industrialized countries will reduce their collective emmissions of greenhouse gases.
Global Warming
* Global warming is aphenomenon that arises from the alteration of the greenhouse effect, caused by excess gases emitted into the atmosphere which in turn causes the infrared rays of the sun remain trapped in the same and can't go out increasing the earth's temperature. The consecuence of the use of huge quantities of fossil fuels CO2 causes the change in the weather, floodings, and the melting polar ice caps.Earth Atmosphere
Composition
-Argon
-Water. 1%
-Carbon Dioxide
-Nitrogen->78%
-Oxygen-> 20.9%
Layers
Troposphere: La capa donde existe y se crea la vida, de la superficie hasta 12 KM.
Stratosphere: es en la cual se produce el ozono. CFCs absorb high energy UV radiation Photodissociation an oxygen molecule forms 2 oxygen atoms
Mesosphere: última capa latemperatura aumenta a medida de que subes.
Thermosphere
Exosphere
Acid Rain
When SO3 reacts with moisture in the air sulfuric acid is formed and with chemicals (CO2, SO2, SO3, NO2) produced by human beings, this elevates the PH of clouds causing them to acidificate (H2CO3 , H2SO3, H2SO4, HNO3)and when it falls to the earth it is named acid rainand this increases acidity in some types of soil, loss ofnutrients affects the area vegetation. The acid rain also afects in our cultural things like museums, statues etc.
Limestone ( CaCO3) source of sulfur that contributes to the formation of acid rain.
Photochemical smog
Is created when sunlight reacts with pollutants in the air.
Solubility
Matter-> anything that has mass and volume.
Mixture= phisical union between 2 or more substances.Heterogeneous mixture= can be separated, visibly different substances.
Homogeneous mixture= can't be separated
*Solubility is the capicity of a solvent to disolve a solute.
Solution: is an homogeneous mixture, a mixture in which components are uniformly intermingled.
Solvente: substance present in the largest amount , the one that dissolves it.
Solute: the one that dissolves, present in thesmallest amount.
Aqueous solution: solutions with water as solvent.
Saturated: contains as much solute as will dissolve at that temperature.
Unsaturated: has not reached the limit of solute that will dissolve in it.
Supersaturated: more than the maximum of solute that can be dissolved
Concentration: a relatively large amount of solute.
Dilute: small amount of solute
Chemical Bond,...