Relaciones internacionales

Case study: Kenya
The 27 of December of 2007 elections in Kenya ended up in a huge wave of violence. The significance and difference of this conflict between others depends in the importance of the stability of Kenya not only in the internal subject but to the security and prosperity of the region, east and central Africa.[1] As it was point out in a Newsweek article “its robust economy,sophisticated urban middle class, good infrastructure and other advantages made it an economic, political and social hub for East Africa.”[2] Kenya is one of the biggest economies of sub-Saharan region.[3] Apart from corruption that affects deeply the country, Kenya was a enormous target for investors, that provide sources for development, as electricity and infrastructure. The post election violencewas a result not only from the “fraud” elections, but from decades of disagreement, differences and hatred between ethnic groups, and their leaders. As a result of the violence, alterations in the ethnic structure in parts of the country were made, across the Rift Valley Kikuyu residents flee, the rural areas outside Naivasha, Nakuru, and Molo are also clear of kikuyu population, while urban areasare being abandoned by Luo and Kelanjin residents. Slums are divided in areas, were watchmen maintain the region clear of other ethnic groups.[4] Making it priority to establish solutions and recommendations as an early warning for preventing genocide, mass killing or politicide.
For this case study I am going to use the definition of mass killing as “the intentional killing of a massive numberof noncombatants” given by Valentino, because as he explain the victims can be of any sort of group (ethnical, political, religious, etc) and the term politicides, meaning “the promotion, execution, and/or implied consent of sustained policies by government elites or their agents or in case of civil war, either of the contending authorities- that are intended to destroy in whole or in partcommunal, political or politicizes ethnic groups”[5] created by Barbara Harff, because in Kenya the 2007 elections result, end up creating a up rise in violence between political oppositions and the people victimize were from particular groups ethnical and political.
After gaining independence from England in 1963, Kenya has only had three presidents. After the death of Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya firstpresident, the Vice president Daniel Arap Moi became president formally in October 1978. His government Tolerated little political dissent. There was constant human rights abuses; under his watch corruption and political patronage increase considerably, the repressions against opposition and other groups increased, as strategy to consolidate power. An intent to bring down the president in 1982, wassuppressed by the government troops, and lead to the death of many civilians. The international and domestic pressure to eliminate the one party system establish by Moi, accomplish the formation of a multiparty elections in 1992. In this elections Daniel Arap Moi was reelected, creating a violent atmosphere. The elections of 1997 where not different, his triumph was covered in fraud andviolence.[6] In 2002 elections president Daniel Arap-Moi (from the ethnic Kalenjin), was constitutionally barred from running for reelection. His party chose Uhuru Kenyatta, son of Jomo Kenyatta (first Kenya president) that belong to the kikuyu tribe but has no experience. The opposition was also a kikuyu, Mwai Kibaki, that was VP for Moi. Kenyatta was defeated by Kibaki, taking only 31% of the vote against62% for Kibaki. [7] Kibaki made huge changes against some policies of his antecessor, but at the same time despite the fact that during his campaign he promoted an Anti-corruption plan, his administration was cut in the middle of massive scandals over senior officials implicate in cases of corruption.
In the 2007 election the polls show that it will be a close election between president Kibaki...