Renaissance

1) Renaissance in Europe:

• An intellectual and artistic energy that characterized ancient Greek and Roman civilization.
• Renaissance began in Italy, Florence.
• Extend during the XIV century to the XVII century.
• Characteristics:
 New interests in human beings and the world they live in.
 Humanists began to emphasize the capacities of human mind and the achievements of humanculture, contesting the middle age that emphasize the concept of God.

• Precursors
 Petrarch:
 He was considers the father of poetry.
 He wrote Sonnets that express fillings.

 Boccaccio:
 He was considers the father of Narrative.
 He wrote Tales.

 Giotto de Bondone:
 Born in France.
 Create a new technique of frescoes (mural painting done on plaster, walls or ceilings).
 Heconvenes the art of frescos whit religion.

 Donatello:
 Sculptor who mixed the simple forms of ancient art whit the realism and religious spirit or the middle ages.
 He works on churches.

 Leonardo Da Vinci:
 He was conceded a complete man, because he was able to develop all the knowledge of the time.
♥ Art.
♥ Science.
♥ Architecture.

 Filipe Brunelleschi:
 Most importantarchitect of the renascence.
 Dedicated more than 20 years to Florence cathedral’s dome construction.
 The dome was finished after his dead.

 Michelangelo:
 Famous of his fresco in the Sixteen Chapel of the Vatican.
 No one can do a better job than him.

• Gradually Renaissance began to increase to all Europe and lastly to England.
• Renaissance also was a period of territorialexpansion and discovery.
 Christopher Columbus reached the New World.

2) War Of Roses:

• Civil War.
• Two aristocratic royal houses were battling each other for the throne.
 House of York-> White rose.
 House of Lancasters -> Red rose.

• The country was hardly in a condition to respond to the renaissance movement.
• Henry Tudor and Earl of Richmond defeated the Yorkist King RichardIII (Last Yorkist King) at Bosworth Field in 1485.
• Henry VII finished the war of roses because:
 He got married whit Elizabeth of York.
 He combines the two royal families by the marriage and the successor has the two royal bloods.
• Henry VII was crowned king and the Tudor Dynasty got the power.
• The end of Anarchy and the beginning of the Monarchy.

3) Tudor Dynasty:

• Henry VII: Crowned in 1485-1509.
 Direct descendant of John of Gaunt duke of Lancaster.
 In 1483 taking advantage of the indignation he plots against Richard III.
 He was a prudent monarch.
 He restored royal authority.
 He was not a military man that’s why he maintains the pace and the renaissance movement takes please.
 He succeeded in maintaining pace and creating economic prosperity.
 Hebrought the printing to England.
 His descendant was Henry VIII, his third child.

• Henry VIII:
 Crowned in 1509-1547.
 He saw him self mainly as a powerful political leader.
 He was a risky person.
 During his time:
 Literature increased.
 English become more accepted among educated people.
 People become concerned about children speaking it property.
 Music development.
 Hewanted also to be thought of as an enlightened Renaissance prince.
 A friend of Henry VIII was Sir Thomas More who was:
 Very intelligent.
 Leader of an intellectual movement.
 The first literary masterpiece of the English Renaissance.
 He wrote poems based on their exploration of Italian models.
 Devout catholic.
 Was against the protestant reformation.
 He was beheaded becausehe opposed Henry´s divorce and refused to swear oaths of allegiance to him as Supreme Head of the English church.
 He is declared Saint by the Pope of The Roman Catholic Church because he died defending his religion.
 His sons were
 Mary Tudor  with Catherine of Aragon.
 Elizabeth  with Ann Boleyn.
 Edward  Joan Seymon.

 During his reign The Protestant Reformation take place....