Rep E Inst De Comp Y Redes

I Defina:

1. Batch system A batch system is used to monitor and control the jobs running on a system. It enforces limits on runtime (walltime) as well as the number of jobs running at one time (both total and per user). To run a job, the batch system allocates the resources requested in the batch script, sets up an environment to run the job in (thus running the users .cshrc and .login files),and then runs the job in that environment. In this environment, standard out and standard error are redirected into files in the current working directory at the time the executable is actually run.
2. CPU The part of a computer which controls all the other parts. Designs vary widely but the CPU generally consists of the control unit, the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), registers, temporarybuffers and various other logic.
3. Device Manager The Microsoft Windows control panel applet used to enable, disable and configure the hardware on which Windows is running.
4. File System A system for organizing directories and files, generally in terms of how it is implemented in the disk operating system.
5. Firmware Software stored in read-only memory (ROM) or programmable ROM (PROM). Easierto change than hardware but harder than software stored on disk. Firmware is often responsible for the behaviour of a system when it is first switched on. A typical example would be a "monitor" program in a microcomputer which loads the full operating system from disk or from a network and then passes control to it.
6. Kernel The essential part of Unix or other operating systems, responsible forresource allocation, low-level hardware interfaces, security etc.
7. Main memory The storage device used by a computer to hold the currently executing program and its working data. A modern computer's main memory is built from random-access memory integrated circuits. In the old days ferrite core memory was one popular form of main memory, leading to the use of the term "core" for main memory.
8.Memory manager is the act of managing computer memory. The essential requirement of memory management is to provide ways to dynamically allocate portions of memory to programs at their request, and freeing it for reuse when no longer needed. This is critical to the computer system.
9. Multiprocessing <parallel> (Or "multiprocessing") The simultaneous use of more than one computer to solvea problem. There are many different kinds of parallel computer (or "parallel processor"). They are distinguished by the kind of interconnection between processors (known as "processing elements" or PEs) and between processors and memory.
10. Multiprogramming is the allocation of a computer system and its resources to more than one concurrent application, job or user ("program" in thisnomenclature).
11. Object-oriented The use of a class of programming languages and techniques based on the concept of an "object" which is a data structure (abstract data type) encapsulated with a set of routines, called "methods", which operate on the data. Operations on the data can only be performed via these methods, which are common to all objects that are instances of a particular "class". Thus theinterface to objects is well defined, and allows the code implementing the methods to be changed so long as the interface remains the same.
12. Real-time system Describes an application which requires a program to respond to stimuli within some small upper limit of response time (typically milli- or microseconds). Process control at a chemical plant is the classic example. Such applications oftenrequire special operating systems (because everything else must take a back seat to response time) and speed-tuned hardware.
13. Virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a hardware platform, operating system (OS), storage device, or network resources.
14. Address An unsigned integer used to select one fundamental element of storage, usually...