Sadq

15th: the printing press was used to spread humanistic ideas throughout europe.
15 y 16: renacimiento.
1466-1536: was born erasmus of rotterdam and wrote in prise of madness.
1440: johannes guttenberg invented movable metal type and use the printing press to print.
1478-1536: thomas more who wanted society to change
16th: there was an enormous amount of corruption in the church. thisincluded the sale of indulgences to receive forgiveness for one´s sins.
1517: the situation led to start of the protestant reformation, when martin luter wrote his ninety five theses and nailed them to the door of the church at wittenberg castle. in them, he critiziced the sale of indulgences, the fact that priest were not allowed to marry, the worship of images and that mass was held in latin, alanguage that most of the faithful did not understand, he said that human beings could only achieve salvation trough faith.
1540:counter- reformation was the foundation of the society of jesus by Ignatius of loyola. priest educated at european universities formed this religious order with military discipline. its main mission was to fight protestantism through higher education. this allowed them toinfluence the dominant sectors of society.
was to organize a council in the city of trent, bishops from all over the world came together to discuss the best the best way to improve the organization of the catolic church.
1534: in england, henry VIII founded the anglical church the king asked the pope to annul his marriage to catherine of aragon. when the pope refused, the king declared thesovereignty of his church trough the act of supremacy publised.
this led to many conflicts in England between Anglicans and those who continued to be catholic.
1572: during the second half of the 16th, there was a civil war in france. Catholics fought for power with the Calvinists, called Huguenots. Spain intervened of behalf of the catholics and england took the protestants side. One of thebloodiest moments of the of the war was the night of st. Bartholomew. The catholic queen Catherine de médicis ordered the massacre of many protestants.
1568-1648: in the low countries (Holland and Belgium) protestants were persecuted by spain during the eighty years war of the war of Flanders, which led to the separation of Holland. As a result spain only dominated in belgium and Luxembourg.
-Germanywas the holy roman empire, and was formed by small principalities that were forced to adopt the princes religion. The constant conflicts between catholic and protestant principalities led to the thirty years war in 1618, with the participation of france and spain. This war ended in 1648 with the peace of Westphalia and Germany was divided in two regions, one catholic the other protestant.
-Thecouncil of trent, organized by the catholic church, consisted of 25 meetings held between 1545 and 1551. It was designed to attack the protestant reformation through the definition of the beliefs and organization of the church. It attempted to implement measures such as reaffirming the pope´s authority, creating a catechism with the doctrine that catholics should follow, making a translation of thebible into the romance languages, insisting on the celibacy of members of the church and the worships of the saints.
1562: catholic troops fighting the French armies.
-Florentine niccolo Machiavelli was one of the most important political thinkers of the 16th.
-the community called utopia by Thomas more was based on the republic, invented by plato over 19th earlier, he imagine an islandgoverned by its own rules.

15: se utilizó la imprenta para difundir ideas humanistas en toda Europa.
15 y 16: renacimiento.
1466-1536: nació Erasmo de rotterdam y escribió en prise de locura.
1440: johannes guttenberg inventó el tipo movible de metal y el uso de la imprenta para imprimir. 1478-1536: thomas más que querían sociedad cambiar XVI: hubo una enorme cantidad de corrupción en la...