Sangrado interno y externo

External & Internal Bleeding
Causes of external bleeding
Anemia
There are many types of anemia, some of which can cause bleeding problems. For example, bleeding from the nose and gums is a sign of aplastic anemia. Other symptoms include pale skin, breathlessness, fatigue, weakness, and an irregular heartbeat.
Head injury
After a blow to the head, there may be bleeding from the mouth, nose,and ears, which suggests a concussion or a more severe brain injury. The bleeding may be accompanied by confusion, intense headache, vomiting, and coma.
Cancer
Bleeding is a symptom of several types of cancer. Most of the bleeding is internal, but there are exceptions. For example, skin cancer is often heralded by a sore or mole that bleeds and fails to heal. A bloody discharge from the nippleis sometimes a symptom of breast cancer. In leukemia there may be prolonged general bleeding from the nose, gums, and mucous membranes. In more advanced leukemia, there may be oozing of blood from the skin.
Cervicitis
Vaginal bleeding may be caused by an inflammation of the cervix, the neck of the womb. Bleeding is particularly common after intercourse, and it may be accompanied by an ache inthe pelvic area.
Cirrhosis
In cirrhosis of the liver, which is most often the result of alcohol abuse, there may be bleeding from the nose, vomiting of blood, and blood in the stool.
Dermatitis
In dermatitis, the skin becomes inflamed, often with a rash and intense itching. Scratching can break the skin, causing bleeding and possible skin infection. Very often, the dermatitis is related to anallergic reaction; in other instances, it may be from dry skin or chronic eczema. One of the most severe forms of dermatitis is exfoliative, in which there is widespread scaling and shedding of skin, which can result in bleeding.
Dry skin
Extreme dry skin can cause scaling and fissures in the skin. Dry skin also may itch, and scratching can break open the fissures, resulting in bleeding.Hemophilia
In this hereditary disease, the blood fails to clot normally, resulting in severe bleeding. Even a slight scratch can precipitate heavy bleeding. There also may be spontaneous bleeding into the joints and under the skin, as well as bleeding from the gums.
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are varicose veins that form in the anus. They may be either internal or external, and both types can causebleeding. Typically, the person notices bright red blood, either in the stool or on toilet paper after wiping. The bleeding is harmless, as are most hemorrhoids, although they may be highly uncomfortable.
Injuries
Most external bleeding is due to injuries, ranging from minor cuts and scrapes to major lacerations and compound bone fractures in which a broken bone actually protrudes through the skin.An injury that produces heavy bleeding that cannot be stopped requires medical attention.
Medications
Many medications can increase bleeding tendencies, usually by interfering with the body's normal clotting mechanisms. Aspirin is perhaps the most familiar example; others include anticoagulants, steroids, certain antibiotics, and arthritis medications.
Nosebleeds
Everyone develops anosebleed from time to time, and most are harmless. Sometimes, however, the nosebleed may be difficult to stop, or is a sign of a serious disease such as high blood pressure.
Vitamin deficiencies
Vitamin deficiencies are rare in this country, but when they occur, abnormal bleeding may be one of the symptoms. A notable example is vitamin C deficiency.
Advice about external bleeding
• Most externalbleeding, especially from cuts and other minor wounds, can be stopped by applying pressure and other first aid techniques.
• If a person notices excessive bleeding from even a minor cut, he or she should check any medications to see if they may be interfering with normal clotting. Large doses of aspirin or arthritis medication are especially notorious for producing serious bleeding problems....