School Of Criticism & Audiolingual Method

RESÚMENES DE LINGÜÍSTICA APLICADA A LA ENSEÑANZA :
PRIMER TEMA Y AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD






SCHOOL OF LINGUISTICS

LINGUISTICS is the study of the human language. There are 2 aspects in the study of linguistics: theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics.

1.Theoretical linguistics studies the characteristics of language and his use in communication.

Formalistlinguistics— is the study of the structural, formal properties and rules of the language. The main areas are:
- phonetics: study of the different speech sounds
- phonology: study of the abstract representation of the sounds, how these sounds are produced
- syntax: study of sentences structure and rules to follow to make them
- lexicology: study of thelexical items:
- morphology: study of the structure of words/sentences
- semantics: study of the meaning of words/sentences.

Text linguistics studies for the largest unit of language: text linguistic. Two sentences can come a text, the most important is the text.
- cohesion: explicit connection betweensentences. Related to words/syntax
- coherence: coherence between the sentences in a full way meaning
- text-types: academic essay, letter, email, presentation, article, poem, advertisement, etc.

Pragmatics—studies how the context contributes to meaning of a sentence. The context is important, studies how the transmission depends on how the speaker say a sentence (intonation,location, moment, cultural context, etc.). Meaning depends on: the linguistic knowledge of speaker and listener, AND the context of the speech.
Example: If there any beer in the fridge?—If I say that to my housemate while I am sitting on the sofa, I am ask for he brings me a beer to the fridge.



2. Applied linguistics studies languages related to other subjects (history, geography, etc.):- historical linguistics: studies how languages was in all the times,
words change through the pass of the time
- dialectology: studies geographical differences in a language
- sociolinguistics: studies how the social factor affects language like age and social class. The linguistic variation
-discourse analysis: studies the use of text in actual communication, focused on the speaker, listener. For example: academic discourse
- neurolinguistics: studies all relations between language-brain
- linguistics applied to the teaching of a foreign language: related about teaching philology, language teaching skills
- linguistic applied to translation: related toimproving traslators´ skills
- linguistics applied to lexicography: related to how to make dictionaries.




*********THE AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD*********


It was a method started in the army but it had applied in the immigrants ant it was quite effective.


Objectives: in a short-range are: training in listening comprehension, accurate pronunciation (pronunciacióncorrecta), recognition of speech symbols, etc. Control of structures of sound, form and order.
In a long-range objectives: must be language as the native speaker uses it- Brooks, 1964.

In practice it focuses on oral skills to get oral proficiency. This proficiency is the ability to respond quickly and accurately in speech situations. The speaking and listening competence precede reading/writingcompetence.

Important characteristics of this method: not use of the mother tongue, language skills is a matter of habit formations (by repetition), the goal is native speaker mastery, abundant English visual keys, realistic everyday situations.

Types of learning and teaching activities: the dialogues and drills (ejercicios) are repeated are memorized. This activities are based on a...