Standards: The Gas Emissions Of The Cars To The Atmosphere

ORGANIZING THE WORLD: Standardization and Sustainability






Standards: The gas emissions of the cars to the atmosphere








Name: Andrea Pastor San Luis


Contents



Introduction 2


Emission standards in Europe and US 3

Looking forward 7

Eastern countries situation 7

Alternative ideas to reduce fallout 8Penalties for breach of standards 10

Industries that manufacture the vehicles will also have their standards 10

Conclusions 11

References 12



INTRODUCTION:


The specific limits to control the amount of pollutants that can be released into the environment are called emissions standards. Most of these standards focus on regulating pollutants released by automobiles and other motorvehicles, but they should also regulate emissions from the secondary sector, including industry, power plants, or as small household appliances, or of those who never think it can be regulated, as is the case with lawnmowers. These standards generally regulate the emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, etc..
Focusing on this, the total air pollution by pollution sources has the followingaverages: cars and public transport 75% - industry generally 6% - thermal power generation 4% - other sources (soil, rotting garbage and other debris suspended) or 15%. In Europe the proportion of automotive pollutant inputs is 55%.
In the past 10 years, the automotive industry has experienced a soaring due to population explosion, reducing production costs by technological competence. Recentstudies by international agencies like the World Health Organization, World Bank, United Nations, have demonstrated the increasing air pollution from mobile sources in large cities and capitals where limits have been reached alarming for the health of its population.
In fact, medical studies have proven that breathing air contaminated with residues of toxic elements emitted by motor vehicles andparticularly carbon monoxide, causes respiratory diseases, pulmonary, cardiovascular and cerebral, being the children (high proportions of late and growth and learning) and more elderly who suffer the consequences.
Nowdays levels of pollution and contamination are the subject of international standards, which forms under regulations not to exceed limit values, set the guidelines for maintaining orimproving the quality of life of residents. This has led to the most affected countries, to address this problem seriously and responsibly to mitigate, reduce and eliminate this phenomenon, through appropriate legislation and drastic measures aimed at protecting the environment and air quality. To minimize damage, the European Union, has developed many different laws that set standards for health,based on standards and objectives, these are summarized in the following table:
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(EUROPA, http://europa.eu/index_en.htm)

EMISSION STANDARDS IN EUROPE AND USA:


One of the main requirements that have a car, before being marketed, it must meet several requirements, among which are emission standards.
In this sense, depending on the destination country,there are different systems, mainly Europeans and Americans. In the case of Europe, these standards are defined in a number of European Union directives, which are introduced progressively and increasingly stringent (Gnienspecht, Howard K, 1981).
For each type of vehicle is applied different standards, pollutant emissions from vehicles are regulated separately for light vehicles (cars and lighttrucks) and heavy vehicles (trucks and buses). In Europe if the vehicles do not comply with the regulations, may not be sold, but the problem is that the new regulations do not apply to vehicles that are already on the road, so they remain as contaminants.

There are also differences in the amount of emissions allowed, depending on the pollutant fallout we are talking about. In the case...