Teoría organizacional - trabajo de las computadoras en el futuro

Ecole des Mines de Nantes
Graduate School MSc
MLPS

DATE: October 31st, 2011

FROM: Ivan Mendoza TO: Guy Minguet
Quantara Mertiansya

Final Report Organization Theory

The New Division of Labor

How Computers Are Creating the Next Job Market


Summary of Contents

In The New Division of Labor book, the authors explain how computers are changing the scopeof employment and how the education can help humans to make the transition for the new jobs market, based in current technology and market demands.

They mention examples of companies and schools in different situations. These examples tell stories of human skills and computer assistance relationship. The boundaries of computers and the activities that can be performed by each part (humans& computers).

The world challenge is to prepare the population for the high-wage / high-skilled jobs that are rapidly growing in number – jobs involving extensive problem solving and interpersonal communication. Additionally mentioning the situation of current low-wage / low-skilled jobs which are diminishing in number.

There will be a substantial number of men at professionallevels, responsible for the design of product, for the design of the productive process, and for general management. We have still not faced the question of how far automation will go in these areas, and hence we cannot say very firmly whether such occupations will be a larger or smaller part of the whole.‎


A new era of production has begun. Its principles of organization are as differentfrom those of the industrial era as those of the industrial era were different from the agricultural.‎

The only sector emerging is the knowledge sector, made up of small elite of entrepreneurs, scientists, technicians, computer programmers, professionals, educators and consultants. While this sector is growing, it is not expected to absorb more than a fraction of the hundreds of millionswho will be eliminated in the next several decades in the wake of the revolutionary advances in the information and communication sciences


Key-terms, Concepts & Definitions

Computer
A programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. These sequences can be changed and/or updated in order to allow thecomputer to solve more than one kind of problem. The computer processing unit executes series of instructions that make it read, manipulate and to store data.

Artificial Intelligence
Known as AI, is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail in thetask of communicating with each other. The central problems of AI include such traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects

Blue-collar Worker
Members of a working class who typically performs manual labor and earn hourly wages. These workers are distinguished from those in the service sector and fromwhite-collar workers. They involve manufacturing, mining, building and construction trades, mechanical work, maintenance and repair.

Pink-collar Worker
Related to women’s work, and could be compared a little bit with the blue-collar worker due to their manual labor. Pink-collar jobs usually pay a significantly smaller amount of money than blue-collar jobs. Occupations included:Babysitting, beauty salon, flight attendance, florist, stripper, hairdresser, maid, waitress and hostess.


Clerk (Clerical Worker)
Commonly referred to white-collar workers who conduct general offices or, in some instances, sales tasks. The responsibilities of clerical workers commonly include record keeping, filing, staffing service counters and other administrative tasks.

Human...