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Artificial Satellites



Swift artificial satellite.
An artificial satellite is a spacecraft built on Earth or elsewhere in space and sent a launch vehicle, a type of rocket that sends a payload into space. Artificial satellites can orbit around moon or natural objects in space, comets, asteroids, planets, stars and even galaxies. After their useful life, can be artificialsatellites orbiting as historical espacial.Antecedentes satellite debris

The first is known as fictional representation decs <Zass, an artificial satellite launched into orbit around Earth appears in a story by Edward Everett Hale, The Brick Moon (The Moon of bricks). The story, serialized in Atlantic Monthly, was started in 1869.
The object referred to the title was a navigational aidwhich was accidentally released with people inside.
The idea reappears in the half billion of the Begum (1879) by Jules Verne. In this book, however, is an unintended result of villain to build a giant piece of artillery to destroy their enemies. This will speed the projectile than the intended, which leaves it as an artificial satellite orbit.
In 1903, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky published the Russianexploration of outer space through the jet engines, which is the first academic treatise on the use of rockets to launch spacecraft. Tsiolkovski estimated orbital velocity required for a low orbit around the earth is approximately 8 km / s would require a multistage rocket who uses liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen fuel. During his lifetime, he published more than 500 works related to spacetravel, multi-stage boosters, space stations, hatches out of a ship in space and a closed biological system to provide food and oxygen for space colonies. He also delved into the theories about flying machines heavier than air, working independently in many of the calculations were done by the Wright brothers at that time.

In 1928, Herman Potočnikpublished his only book, Das Problem der Befahrung des Weltraums - der Raketen-motor (The problem of space travel - the rocket engine), a plan to advance into space and maintain a permanent human presence. Potočnik designed a space station and calculated its geostationary orbit. He also described the use of orbiting spacecraft for peaceful and military observation and could be used as space conditionsfor science experiments. The book described geostationary satellites and analyzing communication between them and the ground using radio but the idea was to use mass communication as telecommunication stations.
In 1945, the British writer of science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke conceived the possibility for a number of communications satellites in his article in Wireless World, "ExtraTerrestrial Relays". Clarke examined the logistics of satellite launch, possible orbits and other aspects for the creation of a network of satellites, pointing to the benefits of high-speed global communications. He also suggested that three geostationary satellites would provide coverage of the entire planet. And chronologically the satellite can be changed.ERS-2 satellite.
Artificial satellites were born during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, which sought both to reach the moon and in turn launch a satellite into space orbit. In May of 1946, the RAND Project presented the Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship (Preliminary design of an experimental spacecraft in orbit), in which it was saidthat "A satellite vehicle with appropriate instrumentation can be one of the most powerful scientific tools of the twentieth century. Conducting a satellite ship produce repercussions comparable to the explosion of the atomic bomb ... ".
The space age began in 1946, when scientists began using captured V-2 rockets Germans for measurements of atmósfera.1 Before that time, scientists used...