Types Of Ships

1. THE SHIP 1.1 Types of ship.
A.- Listenings: 1 A.-How merchant ships operate
1.-Answer the following questions: 1.- What are merchant ships designed for? 2.- How can merchant ships operate? 3.-What is a liner? 4.-What kind of cargo do liners usually carry? 5.-Would you class a ferry as a liner? 6.- Are passenger liners widely used nowadays? 7.- What are they used for? 8.-What kind of cargo dodeep sea liners usually carry? 9.-What about short sea liners? 10.-What is a tramp? 11.- What kind of cargoes do tramps usually carry? 12.-What is a specialized vessel? 13.-What are the most common specialized vessels? 14.- Who owns most oil tankers?

2 A.- Types of merchant ship
1.-Complete the tree diagram using information from passage: Merchant ship types ........................... Drycargo ships ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ............................. ............................. Passenger ships .............................. .............................. ..............................

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2.-Use your diagram to complete thesestatements: 1.-Merchant ships can be designed as.............. 2.-Cargo ships can be divided into.............. 3.-Dry cargo ships include....... 4.-........................................................................are examples of liquid cargo carriers. 5.-Three types of passenger ship are........ 3.-Answer the following questions: 1.-How can merchant ships may be classified? 2.-Why are OBOships designed to carry both liquid and dry cargo? 3.-How do tween decks help stowage of cargo? 4.-Why is it more economical to run one large tanker than two smaller ones? 5.-Why do general cargo ships sometimes carry chemicals? 6.- Why do passenger liners also carry cargo? 7.- Why do only a few merchant ships carry passengers nowadays? 8.- Why do passenger liners operate as cruise ships for part ofthe year? 9.-Why are tramps mainly designed to carry dry bulk cargoes? 10.-What other ships of specialized vessel can you think of?

3 A.- Special duty vessels
1.-Answer the following questions: 1.-How many types of special duty vessel does the lecture mention? 2.-What is a tug? 3.- How can tugs be divided? 2

4.- What is a dredger? 5.-How many types of dredger do you know? 6.-Where areicebreakers important? Why? 7.-What are their main characteristics? 8.- What is a lightship? 9.-What does their main equipment consists of? 10.- What requirements must a lifeboat meet? 11.-Who supports lifeboats in the United Kingdom? 12.-When was Trinity House founded?

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B.- Texts:

1. Different types of ship
1.1. Classification of merchant ships
Merchant ships vary considerably in size,type, layout and function. They include passenger ships, cargo ships and specialized types suitable for particular classes of work. Merchant vessels can also be subdivided into two classes according to the way they operate: Liners and tramps. Liners include all vessels sailing between definite ports and running on a more or less definite schedule, and tramps are vessels engaged in carrying cargo,usually bulk cargo such as grain, to ports anywhere in the world upon demand.

Cargo Liners
Ships travelling between definite ports and having particular departure and arrival dates are termed liners. Thus, cargo liners are vessels designed to carry a variety of cargoes between specific ports. It is usual for these ships to carry a cargo of a 'general' nature, i.e. a number of smaller loads fromdifferent sources. Traditional cargo liners have one or more tweendecks to divide the cargo space and a number of derricks for handling the cargo. Much of the cargo liner trade has now been taken over by container ships and a lot of the short haul trade undertaken by the conventional dry cargo ship has passed to the roll on roll off (ro-ro) type of vessel. A feature of the container ship is the...