Articulos alteraciones temporomandibulares ingles

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Dysfunctions in adolescents suffering from malocclusions at Juan José Fornet junior high. Holguin 2005.
 
ABSTRACT
 
A prevalence study about Temporomandibular Dysfunction was carried out in junior high students at Holguín municipality they aged between 11 and 15 years of both sexes since October 2003 to October 2004. The sample comprised 321 pupils withpermanent teething without any dental loss who present non-treated malocclusions under Angle classification. Krogh Paulsen’s test was applied to determine the presence of these dysfunctions, to distribute the students according to the results of the test as well as to detect symptoms and signs. Age and sex were considered .The prevalence of Temporomandibular Dysfunction was 41,43%. A 23,37% ofdisturbed, a 18,38% at risk, and a 16,82% of healthy individuals according to Krogh Paulsen’s test. Muscular pain was the most frequent sign. There was a gradual increase in the onset of the dysfunction until age 14 when the greatest percentage of affected subjects was recorded; without significant sex differences.
 
Key Words: Temporomandibular, malocclusion, adolescents.

NTRODUCTION 
  
Themasticatory apparatus is a very sophisticated unit consists of a set of structures such as bones, joints, ligaments, teeth and muscles, so integrated that allow various functional activities under an intricate neurological control system (1.2). Thus, survival and permanence depends on the integrity of each of its parts, although the occurrence of a disturbance can lead to a situation as complicated asthe system itself (3.4). 
  
According Okeson, temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a series of signs and symptoms such as pain in the orofacial area (of dental origin, or periodontal) and functional changes, primarily those related to joint noise and limitations on the mandibular movements (1.5). 
  
Current research shows that there are only a degenerative and geriatric as these signs andsymptoms may arise early in development but with less frequency and severity due to the enormous potential of the structures undergoing adaptation during growth, however this ability is decreasing with age in the adult may trigger a pathological process with organ damage or functional impairment (2,6,7). 
  
It is very challenging to understand the multifactorial etiology (1.8). Okeson holds thatnormal function may be disrupted by events such as the placement of a restoration, trauma, habits, systemic disorders such as stress that go beyond individual physiological tolerance influenced by local factors such as orthopedic joint stability determined by the relationship of occlusion, or both joint and genetic elements, sex, diet, acute or chronic illness (1.9). In this context malocclusionsmay be a predisposing factor ifmanifested in the presence of a major orthopedic joint instability or overloading (parafunction patients) (2). 
  
Arguably, a good dental health and ensure proper function of the oral cavity, occlusal status is crucial for proper muscle function during chewing, swallowing, speech and mandibular posture (1.9). 
  
Canut Brusola suggests that careful clinicalexamination allows the practitioner to detect, from an early age, those patients at increased risk of developing temporomandibular disorders in adulthood. In such patients, restoration of normal masticatory function accompanied by orthopedic joint stability, but does not guarantee long-term joint health, eliminates a major risk factor for development of temporomandibular disorders (2). 
  Epidemiological studies conducted on these disorders worldwide in the general population reported a high prevalence, which in most cases exceeds 40%, provincial and national studies show 50 percent higher (10,11). 
  
Considering that in our province are high indicators of malocclusions (12) and its possible influence on the future development of signs and symptoms of TMD from an early age, we are...