Biodiesel Por Procesos Heterogeneos

Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2010) xxx, xxx–xxx

King Saud University

Arabian Journal of Chemistry
www.ksu.edu.sa www.sciencedirect.com

REVIEW

Industrial development and applications of plant oils and their biobased oleochemicals
Jumat Salimon
a

a,*

, Nadia Salih a, Emad Yousif

b

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia b Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq Received 30 July 2010; accepted 8 August 2010

KEYWORDS Plant oils; Biolubricants; Pesticides; Surfactants; Biodiesel

Abstract In the concepts for new products, performance, product safety, and product economy criteria are equally important. They aretaken into account already when the raw materials base for a new industrial product development is defined. Here, renewable resources gain-again after the earlier ‘‘green trend’’ in the 1980s––increasing attention as an alternative raw materials source compared to fossil feedstock. The industrial use of carbohydrates, proteins, and plant oils aligns perfectly with the principles of Responsible Careand is an important part of green chemistry and sustainability in general. Since the 1950s, oleochemistry has grown to a major research and technology area in several institutions and industries. A large variety of products based on fats and oils have been developed since then for different uses, such as specialties for polymer applications, biodiesel, surfactants, emollients for home andpersonal-care industries, pesticides and biodegradable mineral oil replacements for lubricants. However, at present it seems that the use of renewable resources, especially plant oils, has to compete more and more with the increasing demand for bioenergy, which could cause an unbalanced supply and demand in the future or even a threat for the increasing demand for food in certain areas of the world.
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* Corresponding author. Tel.: +60 3 8921 5412; fax: +60 3 8921 5410. E-mail address: jumat@ukm.my (J. Salimon). 1878-5352 ª 2010 King Saud University. All rights reserved. Peerreview under responsibility of King Saud University. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.08.007

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Please cite this article in press as: Salimon, J.et al., Industrial development and applications of plant oils and their biobased oleochemicals. Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2010), doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.08.007

2 Contents 1. 2. 3. 4.

J. Salimon et al.

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw materialssituation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ecological compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Examples of products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1. Oleochemicals for polymer applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2. Plant oils and their oleochemicals as alternative diesel fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3. Surfactants derived from plantoil-based fatty alcohols and fatty acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1. Determining the environmental acceptability of surfactants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4. Emollients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....