Biografia

Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American author, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre. He is further credited with contributing to theemerging genre of science fiction.[1] He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.[2]
He was born as Edgar Poe in Boston, Massachusetts; he was orphaned young when his mother died shortly after his father abandoned the family. Poe was taken in by John and Frances Allan, of Richmond, Virginia, but theynever formally adopted him. He attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money. After enlisting in the Army and later failing as an officer's cadet at West Point, Poe parted ways with the Allans. His publishing career began humbly, with an anonymous collection of poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), credited only to "a Bostonian".
Poe switched his focus toprose and spent the next several years working for literary journals and periodicals, becoming known for his own style of literary criticism. His work forced him to move among several cities, including Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City. In Baltimore in 1835, he married Virginia Clemm, his 13-year-old cousin. In January 1845 Poe published his poem, "The Raven", to instant success. His wifedied of tuberculosis two years after its publication. He began planning to produce his own journal, The Penn (later renamed The Stylus), though he died before it could be produced. On October 7, 1849, at age 40, Poe died in Baltimore; the cause of his death is unknown and has been variously attributed to alcohol, brain congestion, cholera, drugs, heart disease, rabies, suicide, tuberculosis, andother agents.[3]
Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today.
Edgar Allan Poe (Boston, Estados Unidos, 19 de enero de 1809 – Baltimore, EstadosUnidos, 7 de octubre de 1849) fue un escritor, poeta, crítico y periodista romántico[1] estadounidense, generalmente reconocido como uno de los maestros universales del relato corto, del cual fue uno de los primeros practicantes en su país. Fue renovador de la novela gótica, recordado especialmente por sus cuentos de terror. Considerado el inventor del relato detectivesco, contribuyó asimismo convarias obras al género emergente de la ciencia-ficción.[2] Por otra parte, fue el primer escritor estadounidense de renombre que intentó hacer de la escritura su modus vivendi, lo que tuvo para él lamentables consecuencias.[3]
Fue bautizado como Edgar Poe en Boston, Massachusetts, y sus padres murieron cuando era niño. Fue recogido por un matrimonio adinerado de Richmond, Virginia, Frances yJohn Allan, aunque nunca fue adoptado oficialmente. Pasó un curso académico en la Universidad de Virginia y posteriormente se enroló, también por breve tiempo, en el ejército. Sus relaciones con los Allan se rompieron en esa época, debido a las continuas desavenencias con su padrastro, quien a menudo desoyó sus peticiones de ayuda y acabó desheredándolo. Su carrera literaria se inició con un libro depoemas, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827).
Por motivos económicos, pronto dirigió sus esfuerzos a la prosa, escribiendo relatos y crítica literaria para algunos periódicos de la época; llegó a adquirir cierta notoriedad por su estilo cáustico y elegante. Debido a su trabajo, vivió en varias ciudades: Baltimore, Filadelfia y Nueva York.
En Baltimore, en 1835, contrajo matrimonio con su prima...