Brazil

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil 6 7 8 (in Portuguese: Federative Republic of Brazil), is a country in South America comprising the eastern half of the continent and some groups of small islands in the Atlantic Ocean.
With an estimated area of ​​over 8.5 million km ², is the fifth largest country in the world in total area (equivalent to 47% of the South American territory)0.9 Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7491 km.10 its northern border with Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French overseas department of French Guiana, on the northwest by Colombia, on the west by Bolivia and Peru; southeast with Argentina, Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. This borders on all South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.10 For the mostpart, the country is between the terrestrial tropics, so the seasons do not feel in a largely radical thereof. The Amazon rainforest covers 3.6 million square kilometers of its territory. Thanks to its climate and vegetation, is one of the countries with the most species of animals in the world.11
Brazil, previously inhabited by Indians, was discovered by Europeans in 1500, by a Portugueseexpedition led by Pedro Álvares Cabral. After the Treaty of Tordesillas, the Brazilian territory was the segment of the American continent which corresponded to the kingdom of Portugal, which gained its independence on September 7, 1822. Thus, the country went from being central part of the kingdom of Portugal for an empire to finally become a republic. His first capital was Salvador, which was replacedby Rio de Janeiro until it built a new capital, Brasilia. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic presidencialista.8 The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States and 12 note 1 municipios.8 5565
Although its more than 192 million inhabitants make Brazil the fifth most populous country in the world, 3 exhibits low populationdensity. This is because the majority of its population is concentrated along the coast, while inland is still marked by huge demographic gaps. The official language and the most widely spoken is Portuguese, which makes it the largest lusophone country in the world.10 On the other hand, the most followed religion is Catholicism, with the largest number of nominal Catholics in the world. TheBrazilian society is considered to be a multiethnic society formed by descendants of Europeans, Indians, Africans and Asians.
The Brazilian economy is the largest in Latin America and the southern hemisphere, the sixth largest in the world by nominal GDP and the seventh largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). 4 Brazil is a major fastest growing economies in the world economic and financial reformsgave the country new international recognition both regionally and global.14 15 The country is a founding member of the United Nations (UN), G20, Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), the Latin Union, Organisation of American States (OAS), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) and the Union of South American (Unasur), besides being one ofthe BRIC countries.
Brazil is a federation of the indissoluble union of 26 member states and a Federal District municipios.186 States and municipalities have the nature of a legal person of public law, therefore, as anyone in the country (citizen or abroad), has rights and obligations established by the 1988 Constitution. States and municipalities are characterized by self-management,self-government and self-organization, ie, choose their leaders and political representatives and manage their public affairs without interference from other counties, states or Union. To enable self-management, the Federal Constitution defines which taxes collected each unit of the federation and how them.8 can be distributed among states and municipalities, according to the wish of their people...