Congelamiento De Tuberias De Agua En Mexico

IAHR 18th international symposium on ice Sapporo, Japan, 2006 ANALIYSIS AND EXPERIMETATION OF FREEZING WATER PIPELINES ON MEXICO Juan Ansberto Cruz Gerón Óscar Arturo Fuentes Mariles National University of Mexico Institute of Engineering jcruzg@iingen.unam.mx ofm@pumas.iingen.unam.mx ABSTRACT

In the Mexican territory are diverse extreme climatic conditions, one of the special cases is thezones that in winter season get to have losses temperatures mainly, appearing in the north of the country and some zones of the center of the country. In particular, Estado de México is exposed every year on the winter to the conditions of intense cold, which are factor of risk for the well-being of the population. Three regions in which problematic one appears this: Xinantécatl region, Norponienteregion and Iztacchíhuatl-Popocatépetl region have been identified. Besides to protect to the society before the impacts of the winter season, derivatives of meteorological events, such as frosts, snow-covered, hailed and in general the low temperatures, in this paper study the effects of these meteorological phenomena in the hydraulic infrastructure of the populations at issue, in addition thistopic is interesting for the authorities like an investigation relative to the same one and its possible solutions for this particular case in Latin America. The goal of this work is to make an extensive revision on the behavior of the cooling, freezing and rupture in the mechanisms of a potable water system in the region of the world and for the particular necessities, different to the first world.For which one considers to elaborate mathematical models for the simulation of the phenomenon in pipes, the experimentation in laboratory and the beginning of field tests in some zones you cold of the country. KEYWORDS Pipelines Mexico Latin America Freezing

INTRODUCTION

Three fourth parts of the Mexican Republic are located in the north of the American continent, reason why from thelatitude 19° N, where they are located the states of México, Puebla and Federal District, and until the border with the United States it is considered that it comprises of North America, reason why its climate different from the one from the rest country.
ESTADOS UNIDOS DE NORTEAMÉRICA

8 7 6 5 3 2 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ESTADO DE MÉXICO ESTADO DE ZACATECAS ESTADO DE DURANGO ESTADO DE NUEVO LEÓN ESTADO DECOAHUILA ESTADO DE CHIHUAHUA ESTADO DE SONORA ESTADO DE BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE

GOLFO DE MÉXICO

OCÉANO PACÍFICO

1

GUATEMALA

Figure 1 Mexico in North America

Figure 2 States of the Mexican Republic with cold zones

Figure 2 shows the states of México that characterize to have cold zones during certain time of the year. In them the vulnerable municipalities to the cold have beendetected, its annual average temperature is between 10°C and 12°C, where as well in the winter season (december-march) these temperatures are still smaller of 0°C. The systems of water network supply are affected in their hydraulic operation due to the low temperatures, mainly because the hydraulic capacity decrease due to the increase of the friction factor diminishes and that sometimes arrives atthe obstruction in some pipes due to the total freezing and breakage from the pipes. On the other hand, the phenomenon of the cooling of liquids in flows to pressure is promoted and used in many processes such as the metal smelting, desalination of the marine water and the storage of fluids. 1. ANTECEDENTS During the decade of 1960, a considerable progress in the engineering studies was had oncooling and melting. Gilpin made to significant and original contribution to the phenomenon of the cooling in the systems where the to water and the hoists take part. Many of their technical articles deal with the subjects related to the heat transference in the phenomenon of the cooling and the melting. His study “Models of formation of the ice and blocked flow that happen when a pipe is...