Cálculos De Perforacion

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SECOND E D I T I O N
with NEW & UPDATED MATERIAL

1 1
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Formulas
and

Calculations for Drilling, Production,
and

Workover
Second Edition

Formulas
and

Calculations for Drilling, Production,
and

Workover
Second Edition

Norton J. Lapeyrouse
Gulf Professional Publishing
an imprint of Elsevier Science
Amsterdam Boston London New York Oxford Paris SanFrancisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo San Diego

Gulf Professional Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier Science. Copyright 0 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of thepublisher.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData
Lapeyrouse, Norton J. Formulas and calculations for drilling, production, and workover 1 Norton J. Lapeyrouse.-2nd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-7506-7452-0 1. Oilwells-Management-Mathematics. I. Title. TN871 .L287 2002 622’.3382--dc2 1 2002074579

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book. For information, please contact: Manager of Special Sales Elsevier Science 200 Wheeler Road Burlington, MA 01803 Tel: 78 1-313-4700 Fax: 781-221-1615For information on all Gulf publications available, contact our World Wide Web home page at: http://www.gulfpp.com 1098 7 6 5 4 3 2 Printed in the United States of America

CONTENTS

PREFACE

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vii

1 BASIC FORMULAS

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Pressure Gradient 1. Hydrostatic Pressure 3. Converting Pressure into MudWeight 4. Specific Gravity 5. Equivalent Circulating Density 6. Maximum Allowable Mud Weight 7. Pump Output 7. Annular Velocity 9. Capacity Formulas 12. Control Drilling 19. Buoyancy Factor 20. Hydrostatic Pressure Decrease When Pulling Pipe out of the Hole 20. Loss of Overbalance Due to Falling Mud Level 22. Formation Temperature 24. Hydraulic Horsepower 25. Drill Pipe/Drill Collar Calculations25. Pump Pressure/Pump Stroke Relationship 27. Cost per Foot 28. Temperature Conversion Formulas 29.

2 BASIC CALCULATIONS

.................................

.31

Volumes and Strokes 3 1. Slug Calculations 33. Accumulator Capacity 37. Bulk Density of Cuttings 41. Drill String Design (Limitations) 42. Ton-Mile Calculations 44. Cementing Calculations 47. Weighted Cement Calculations 53.Calculations for the Number of Sacks of Cement Required 54. Calculations for the Number of Feet to Be Cemented 57. Setting a Balanced Cement Plug 61. Differential Hydrostatic Pressure Between Cement in the Annulus and Mud Inside the Casing 65. Hydraulicing Casing 66. Depth of a Washout 70. Lost Returns-Loss of Overbalance 7 1. Stuck Pipe Calculations 72. Calculations Required for Spotting Pills 75.Pressure Required to Break Circulation 79.
V

3 DRILLING FLUIDS

.......................................

81

Increase Mud Density 81. Dilution 85. Mixing Fluids of Different Densities 86. Oil-Based Mud Calculations 87. Solids Analysis 91. Solids Fractions 95. Dilution of Mud System 96. Displacement-Barrels of Water/Slurry Required 97. Evaluation of Hydrocyclone 97. Evaluation ofCentrifuge 99.

4 PRESSURE CONTROL .

. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .. . ... ..lo3

Kill Sheets and Related Calculations 103. Prerecorded Information 115. Kick Analysis 124. Pressure Analysis 137. Stripping/Snubbing Calculations 139. Subsea Considerations 144. Workover Operations 153. Controlling Gas Migration 157. Gas Lubrication 159. Annular Stripping Procedures 161. 5 ENGINEERING...