Depre
Páginas: 2 (305 palabras)
Publicado: 18 de marzo de 2012
CHAPTER 10
Depression
Melanie Fennell James Bennett-Levy David Westbrook
Introduction
Depression is so frequent that it has been called 'the common cold of psychiatry'(Seligman 1975). The World Health Organisation estimates that by 2020 it will be second only to cardiovascular disease in terms of worldwide burden of ill health (Murray and Lopez 1998). In mild orshort-lived forms, depression is an almost universal experience; in more severe forms it can become a crippling disorder.
For a diagnosis of major depression DSM-IV-TR (APA 2000) requires five ormore of the following symptoms: depressed mood; pervasive loss of interest or pleasure; significant weight change or change in appetite; sleep disturbance; observable agitation or retardation; lossof energy; feeling worthless or unnecessarily guilty (not just about being depressed); poor concentration or decision making; and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. At least one of thefirst two symptoms (mood, anhedonia) must be present. This pattern must be present most of the day, nearly every day, during a continuous period of at least two weeks, and must cause significantdistress or impairment of functioning.
DSM-IV-TR also recognizes a chronic low mood state, dysthymia, in which there may be fewer symptoms than in major depression, but which persists for at leasttwo years. Finally, depression often does not present in the 'pure' form described above; for example, 50% of depressed patients also have an anxiety disorder. This chapter focuses on unipolardepression (see Chapter 11 for bipolar disorder).
Cognitive model
The cognitive model of depression was A.T. Beck's (1967) first well-articulated model of a specific disorder, and remainsinfluential. It proposes that early loss leads to the formation of enduring cognitive structures, which render the person vulnerable to depression in the event of future losses. Thus, core beliefs derived
Depression
Melanie Fennell James Bennett-Levy David Westbrook
Introduction
Depression is so frequent that it has been called 'the common cold of psychiatry'(Seligman 1975). The World Health Organisation estimates that by 2020 it will be second only to cardiovascular disease in terms of worldwide burden of ill health (Murray and Lopez 1998). In mild orshort-lived forms, depression is an almost universal experience; in more severe forms it can become a crippling disorder.
For a diagnosis of major depression DSM-IV-TR (APA 2000) requires five ormore of the following symptoms: depressed mood; pervasive loss of interest or pleasure; significant weight change or change in appetite; sleep disturbance; observable agitation or retardation; lossof energy; feeling worthless or unnecessarily guilty (not just about being depressed); poor concentration or decision making; and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. At least one of thefirst two symptoms (mood, anhedonia) must be present. This pattern must be present most of the day, nearly every day, during a continuous period of at least two weeks, and must cause significantdistress or impairment of functioning.
DSM-IV-TR also recognizes a chronic low mood state, dysthymia, in which there may be fewer symptoms than in major depression, but which persists for at leasttwo years. Finally, depression often does not present in the 'pure' form described above; for example, 50% of depressed patients also have an anxiety disorder. This chapter focuses on unipolardepression (see Chapter 11 for bipolar disorder).
Cognitive model
The cognitive model of depression was A.T. Beck's (1967) first well-articulated model of a specific disorder, and remainsinfluential. It proposes that early loss leads to the formation of enduring cognitive structures, which render the person vulnerable to depression in the event of future losses. Thus, core beliefs derived
Leer documento completo
Regístrate para leer el documento completo.