Dietas Pre Y Post Operatorias

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Histamine receptors and cancer pharmacology
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Abstract
Considerable evidence has been collected indicating that histamine can modulate proliferation of different normal and malignant cells. High histamine biosynthesis and content together with histamine receptors have been reported in differenthuman neoplasias including melanoma, colon and breast cancer, as well as in experimental tumours in which histamine has been postulated to behave as an important paracrine and autocrine regulator of proliferation. The discovery of the human histamine H4 receptor in different tissues has contributed to our understanding of histamine role in numerous physiological and pathological conditionsrevealing novel functions for histamine and opening new perspectives in histamine pharmacology research. In the present review we aimed to briefly summarize current knowledge on histamine and histamine receptor involvement in cancer before focusing on some recent evidence supporting the novel role of histamine H4 receptor in cancer progression representing a promising molecular target and avenue forcancer drug development.
Histamine receptors and pancreatic and other cancers
As in other human neoplasias, HDC expression and histamine content have been reported in pancreatic cancer (Rivera et al., 2000; Tanimoto et al., 2004). Furthermore, it was previously reported that H1R and H2R are expressed and associated with cell proliferation in Panc-1, a cell line derived from a human ductalpancreatic carcinoma. Histamine concentrations higher than 1 µmol·L−1 inhibited clonogenic growth through the H1R and H2R. On the other hand, nanomolar histamine doses stimulated cell proliferation (Cricco et al., 2000). The antiproliferative effect exerted by histamine through the H2R is associated with a G0/G1 phase arrest, a decrease in phosphoactivated ERK1/ERK2 and an increase in phosphoactivated P38expression, and also a modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. However, apoptosis is not significantly induced while a partial cell differentiation was associated with this inhibitory action (Cricco et al., 2000; 2004; 2006; Martín et al., 2002).
More recently, it was described the expression of H3R and H4R in Panc-1 cells. Proliferation studies indicated that the H3R and H4R are involved inpancreatic carcinoma cell growth, being proliferation augmented through H3R and diminished by H4R (Cricco et al., 2008) (Table 2).
Moreover, histamine content increased unequivocally in other human cancer types such as ovarian, cervical and endometrial carcinoma in comparison with their adjoining normal tissues suggesting the participation of histamine in carcinogenesis. Besides, exogenous histamine, atmicromolar concentration, stimulated proliferation of human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 (Batra and Fadeel, 1994; Chanda and Ganguly, 1995). Preliminary results show that H4R is expressed in primary and metastatic ovarian carcinoma and also in gallbladder cancer (Figure 1).
*  Other Sections▼
* Abstract
* Introduction
* Characteristics of H4R and its ligands
*Histamine receptors and breast cancer
* Histamine receptors and melanoma
* Histamine receptors and colon cancer
* Histamine receptors and pancreatic and other cancers
* Conclusions and perspectives
* References

Conclusions and perspectives
A significant body of research has contributed to the elucidation of the functional capacities of histamine in tumour cellgrowth and development. The discovery of the human H4R has helped to refine our understanding of histamine role in (patho) physiological conditions.
Recent findings indicate that H4R is expressed in human breast tissues and cell lines exhibiting a key role in histamine-mediated biological processes such as cell proliferation, senescence, apoptosis and metastatic potential in malignant cells....