English

Exercise 1.1
Make a rule for the use of a (n) and Ø (the zero articles) from the following words:
A book (Ø) Benzene (Ø) opinions
A microprocessor an idea a glass
(Ø) Quality (Ø) strength (Ø) books
(Ø) Research a solid (Ø) gases
A/: the rule for the use of a (n) and Ø is: a(n) is used for only one item and Ø is used with plural nouns and noncounts items.

Exercise 1.2
Underlinea and an in the following passage, make a rule about the difference.
Time is measured in a variety of ways. A nanosecond is one of the smallest units. A neon is one of the largest. We are more interested on a daily basis in time on a human scale: a minute, an hour, a month, a year. An objective measurement of time is necessary for a scientific investigation. However, we also recognizesubjective time. A one hour movie can fell like less time than sixty minutes of a boring lecture.
A:/ the rule is that the choice of a or an is controlled by the sound of the followed word.

Exercise 1.3
Our solar system, a one-star system of nine planets, was forms approximately 4.5 million years ago from a universe of cosmic gas and dust. Life is the form of bacterial cells already existed a billionyears later. How did life form? Did an x-ray from space strike a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom in just the right manner to produce the compound of life? Was it a lightning flash? Or was it an ultraviolet light source? Nobody has an exact answer.

Exercise 1.4
Put a or an in the blanks.
A student advisor at a university can help a student with a variety of problems. An undergraduate advisorcan help a student to decide on a major and a course of study. If a student is an honor student, the advisor can recommend a scholarship or a grant, If a student is an “F” student (a falling student), the advisor can help with personal problems if necessary and suggest ways to improve study habits. A foreign student advisor is often a helpful friend to student who come to study in a new country forthe first time.

Exercise 1.5
Best noncounts synonym for the count noun of the left.
1. A table – furniture.
2. A thermometer – measurement.
3. A piece of data – information.
4. A dollar – money.
5. A book – literature.
6. A hammer – equipment.
7. A train – transportation.
8. A sentence – language.
9. A computer program – software.
10. A sugar molecule –sugar.

Exercise 1.6
Solid:
Cheese a slice of cheese.
Meat a slice of meat.
Gold a piece of gold.
Specific information:
Knowledge a piece of knowledge.
Research a piece of research.
News
Powders:
Flour a particle of flour.
Salt a grain of salt.
Pepper a grain of pepper.
Liquids:
Gasoline a quarter of gasoline.
Water a molecule of water.
Blood a molecule of blood.Gases:
Smoke a particle of smoke.
Air a particle of air.
Steam a particle of steam.

1.7
Write a count noun form of the following noncounts words or phrases:
1. Paper: a sheet of paper.
2. Homework: a lot of homework.
3. Traffic : a lot of traffic.
4. Information: a piece of information.
5. NaOH: a molecule of NaOH.
6. Blood: a molecule of blood.
7.Vegetation: a lot of vegetation.
8. Electricity : a lot of electricity.
9. Heat: a lot of heat.
10. Oxygen: a particle of oxygen.

1.8
Indicate whether the underlined word is specific (S) or general (G).
Then indicate if it is a count(C) or a noncounts (N) noun (the zero article is not shown)
1. S. Weight is a function of gravity. N.
2. G. They measured a weight of 45gram. C.
3. S. Ahigh carbon steel offer more resistance to corrosion. C.
4. G. steel is manufactured in the eastern U.S. N.
5. S. some grains cannot grow in cool climates. C.
6. G. Grain is used among other things, to feed livestock. N.
7. G. Stone was the first material used for tools. N.
8. S. Stones were the first objects used for tools. C.
9. S. The patient had an infection in her eye. C.
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