Evolution Of Sf6 Circuit Breaker

Evolution of SF6 breaker
Compared with Measurement techniques Development techniques and development of Standards

Helmut Heiermeier ABB Power Products Baden/Switzerland Tel: +41 585881770 Helmut.heiermeier@ch.abb.com
Helmut Heiermeier

Overview SF6-Circuit Breakers
Interrupting capability

Req. Meas. 10000 Tools
0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

20000

MVA

Early 70’s

J/MVA
1

drive energy

0.5

0

1nd Generation:

Puffer Breaker
high demand on drive energy

• Extinguishing pressure generated during current breaking • How? Cylinder-Piston-Compression • Current breaking: arc extinguishing

IEC standard mid 70‘s
• Du/dt terminal fault
– 100% fault – 60% fault – 30% fault 1 kV/us 2 kV/us 5 kV/us

• Short line fault newly introduced
– Differentline side impedances
• 480 Ohm single conductor • 375 Ohm double conductor • 330 Ohm 4 conductors

• Cap switching tests prescribed • Mechanical endurance

– Source side rate of rise – Time delay line side ????

0.67 kV/us

1000 operations

Measurements type tests 70‘s
• Low speed
– UV sensitive paper – Ink/pencil

• Medium speed
– „schleifen(Drum) oscillogram“

• High speed
–Storage oscillograph – Peak volt meter

Overview Oscillogram 1

Schleifen(Drum) oscillograms

• • • • • • •

Used for medium time scales ( TRV peak and up to e few 100ms ) Needed to be developed ( like a picture ) Available approx 5 min after the test Evaluation by hand ( pencil ) Max deflection approx. 20mm In order to save time often more than one test have been recorded on oneoscillogram The lenght of such an oscillogram was in the order of 1 m

Measurements development tests 70‘s
• Voltage
– applied – Arcvoltage – TRV

• Current • Travel • Partly pressure

Calculation/simulation tools 70‘s
• Cold static Dielectric
– Experience – Basic knowledge

• Pressure build up
– Analytic formulas( basic physics) – First simulations using mainframes or first programmabledesktops

• Flow
– assumptions

• Drive
– Analytic formulas

• Mechanical withstand capability
– Tables for slow/long term behaviour/experience

Overview SF6-Circuit Breakers
Interrupting capability

MVA
20000

10000

Req. Meas. Tools
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Early 70’s

0

J/ MVA
1

drive energy

0.5

0

2th Generation: Self Blast Breaker •Extinguishing pressure mainly generated from arc energy • Cylinder-piston compression only for lower currents • Significant reduction of needed drive energy

IEC standard mid 80‘s
• Du/dt terminal fault
– 100% fault – 60% fault – 30% fault 2 kV/us 3 kV/us 5 kV/us

•

Short line fault

– single line side impedance

450Ohm 2 kV/us

– Source side rate of rise – Time delay line side 0.2, 0.5 us• •

ITRV switching condition Cap switching tests splitted in
– 4 testduties with 12 tests each – Defined first phase factors ( 1.2, 1.4, 1.7 )

•

Mechanical endurance

2000 operations

Measurements type tests 80‘s
• Low speed
– UV sensitive paper – First digital Transient recorders/measurement systems

• Medium speed
– „schleifen oscillogram“ – First digital Transientrecorders

• High speed
– Storage oscillograph – Oscillograph with polaroid pictures – First digital Transient recorders

UV oscillograms
• • • • Available a few min after tests Evaluation by pencil Approx 20 traces possible Max deflection approx 30mm

Polaroid Pictures
• • • • • • • Used for fast transients TRV peak Line side peak ( SLF ) Current zero region Evaluation by pencil Needed to bedeveloped ( by itself ) Oscillograph needed exact triggering
– Otherwise information lost

First digital transient recordes
• • • • Used in the same way as the polaroid pictures Only few channels Not so much points Time resolution ok for short line fault TRV‘s

Measurements development tests 80‘s
• Voltage
– – – – applied Arcvoltage TRV PD

• Current • Travel on different locations (...