Examen

ISO/TS 16949
El propósito de la especificación técnica ISO/TS 16949 es el desarrollo de un sistema de gestión de calidad con el objetivo de una mejora continua enfatizando en la prevención de errores y en la reducción de desechos de la fase de producción. TS 16949 se aplica en las fases dediseño/desarrollo de un nuevo producto, producción y, cuando sea relevante, instalación y serviciode productos relacionados con el mundo de la automoción. Está basado en el estándar ISO 9000.
Los requisitos son aplicables a lo largo de toda la cadena de producción. Recientemente también las plantas de ensamblaje de vehículos se están confrontando con la certificado ISO/TS 16949.
La ISO/TS 16949:2002 nace por la necesidad de evitar la dualidad entre requerimientos de VDA 6.1 (Automotriz Alemana), EAFQ(Francia), AVQS (Italia)... y QS-9000 (Automotriz Estadounidense). ISO/TS 16949 se considera favorable ante los esquemas de gestión anteriores, a los que reemplaza. La versión actual de la especificación es ISO/TS 16949:2009.

Advanced product quality planning (or APQP) is a framework of procedures and techniques used to develop products in industry, particularly the automotive industry. It isquite similar to the concept of Design for Six Sigma (DFSS).
It is a defined process for a product development system for General Motors, Ford, Chrysler and their suppliers. According to the Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), the purpose of APQP is "to produce a product quality plan which will support development of a product or service that will satisfy the customer." The process isdescribed in the AIAG manual, www.aiag.org or 248-358-3003.
History[edit]
Advanced product quality planning is a process developed in the late 1980s by a commission of experts gathered from the 'Big Three' US automobile manufacturers: Ford, GM and Chrysler. This commission invested five years to analyze the then-current automotive development and production status in the US, Europe and especially inJapan. At the time, the success of the Japanese automotive companies was starting to be remarkable in the US market.
APQP is utilized today by these three companies and some affiliates. Tier 1 suppliers are typically required to follow APQP procedures and techniques and are also typically required to be audited and registered to ISO/TS 16949. This methodology is now being used in othermanufacturing sectors as well.
The basis for the make-up of a process control plan is included in the APQP manual.[1] The APQP process is defined in the AIAG's APQP manual, which is part of a series of interrelated documents that the AIAG controls and publishes. These manuals include:
The failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) manual
The statistical process control (SPC) manual
The measurement systemsanalysis (MSA) manual
The production part approval process (PPAP) manual
The Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) is a non-profit association of automotive companies founded in 1982.
Main content of APQP[edit]
APQP serves as a guide in the development process and also a standard way to share results between suppliers and automotive companies. APQP specifies three phases: Development,Industrialization and Product Launch. Through these phases 23 main topics will be monitored. These 23 topics will be all completed before the production is started. They cover such aspects as: design robustness, design testing and specification compliance, production process design, quality inspection standards, process capability, production capacity, product packaging, product testing and operatortraining plan, among other items.
APQP focuses on:
Up-front quality planning
Determining if customers are satisfied by evaluating the output and supporting continual improvement
APQP consists of five phases:
Plan and Define Program
Product Design and Development Verification
Process Design and Development Verification
Product and Process Validation and Production Feedback
Launch,...