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The structure of an Essay
What is an essay? Is a group of paragraphs written about a single topic and a central main idea. It must have 3 paragraphs, but a five-paragraph essay is a common assignment for academic writing.
The structure of an essay
1. The introduction: First paragraph of an essay. It explains the topic with general ideas. It has the thesis statement.
2. The body: Theseare paragraphs that explain and support the thesis statement.
3. The conclusion: The last paragraph on an essay. It summarizes or restates the thesis and the supporting ideas of the essay.
Thesis statement
The thesis statement is the sentence that tells the main idea of the whole essay. It can be compared to a topic sentence, which gives the main idea of a paragraph.
How to connect thethesis statement and the essay? The body paragraphs of an essay should always explain the thesis statement. In addition, each body paragraph should discuss one part of the thesis.
Outlining an Essay
What is an outline? Is a list of the information you will put in your essay.
An outline…
* Begin with the essay’s thesis statement
* Shows the organization of the essay
* Tells what ideasyou will discuss, and shows which ideas will came first, second and so on
* Ends with the essay’s conclusion
Writing an outline before you write an essay will…
* Show you what to write before you actually begin writing
* Help make your essay well organized and cleared focused
* Keep you from forgetting any important points.

Unity in writing
What is unity? Is the connection ofall ideas to a single topic. In an essay, all ideas should relate to the thesis statement, and the supporting ideas in a body paragraph should relate to the topic sentence.
Coherence in writing
What is coherence? Coherence is related to unity. Ideas that are arranged in a clear and logical way are coherent. When a text is unified and coherent, the reader can easily understand the main points.Type of writing Type of organization
Chronology Order by time of events
Description Order by position, size, and shape of things
Clasification Group ideas and explain them in a logical order
Comparison/contrast Organize in point-by-point or block style
Argumentation / persuasion and Order from least important to most important
Cause/effect

Cohesive advices
Whatis a cohesive advice? Words and phrases that content sentences and paragraphs together, creating a smooth flow of ideas.

Chronology | Comaparison | Contrast | Add Info | Examples | Cause-effec | Concluding ideas |
Before, after, next, since, first, second, while, when | Likewise, compared to, similarly, as..as, and | However, on the other hand, but, yet, in spite of, in contrast,although, instead | And, also, in addition, in fact, furthermore, moreover, another…is/was | For example, in general, for instance, specifically, in particular | Therefore, so, thus, as a result, since, because | In conclusion, in summary, finally, therefore, to conclude, to summarize |

Pronoun reference two sentences can be connected by the use of a pronoun. A pronoun (he,she,it,they, etc) takes theplace of a noun (a person, place,thing, or idea) or a noun phrase (several words that refer to a person, place, thing, or idea).

Introductions and conclusions
How to write a strong introduccion.
A strong introduction..
* Introduces the topic clearly
* Gives several sentences of information about the topic
* States the thesis (the main idea) of the essay
Any of the following willmake an introduction weak
* It doesn’t give enough information about the topic or gives too much information
* It talks about too many different topics
* It does not state a clear thesis

Grammar: Language Leader Course book
Unit 5
FUTURE IN THE PAST
We sometimes need to talk about the future but from a point in the past. For example: two days ago: I’m going to buy a laptop...