Historia De Antartida En Ingles

The history of Antarctica emerges from early Western theories of a vast continent, known as Terra Australis, believed to exist in the far south of the globe. The term Antarctic, referring to the opposite of the Arctic Circle, was coined by Marinus of Tyre in the 2nd century AD.
The rounding of the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn in the 15th and 16th centuries proved that Terra AustralisIncognita ("Unknown Southern Land"), if it existed, was a continent in its own right. In 1773 James Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle for the first time but although he discovered nearby islands, he did not catch sight of Antarctica itself. It is believed he was as close as 150 miles from the mainland.
In 1820, several expeditions claimed to have been the first to have sighted Antarctica, with the veryfirst being the Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The first landing was probably just over a year later when AmericanCaptain John Davis, a sealer, set foot on the ice.
The first Norwegian expedition to Antarctica was led by Captain Carl Anton Larsen aboard the barque Jason in 1892. During the expedition he was the first to discover fossils inAntarctica, for which he received the Back Grant from the Royal Geographical Society.[1] In December 1893 he also became the first person to ski in Antarctica where the Larsen Ice Shelf was named after him. Larsen is also considered the founder of the Antarctic whaling industry and the settlement at Grytviken, South Georgia.[2]
Once the North Pole had been reached in 1909, several expeditions attemptedto reach the South Pole. Many resulted in injury and death. Norwegian Roald Amundsen finally reached the Pole on December 14, 1911, following a dramatic race with the EnglishmanRobert Falcon Scott.

Argentina, through the National Antarctic Directorate (DNA) and the Argentine Antarctic Institute (IAA), operates several research stations in Antarctica, into the territory it claims as its owncalled Antarctica Argentina but all territorial claims are subject to the terms of the Antarctic Treaty. Among them is the basis Orkney, the oldest permanent human facility in Antarctica. Some bases operate throughout the year, while others do so only during the Antarctic summer and other camps or shelters are used intermittently.
The FAA and the IAA dependent since 2003 the Ministry of ForeignAffairs, International Trade and Worship. The DNA from its inception on January 1, 1970 was subordinated to the Ministry of Defense and is responsible for planning, direction, coordination and control of the Argentine scientific and technical activities in Antarctica, through the "Antarctic Annual Plan." The IAA, established in 1951, directs, controls, coordinates and implements research and studies oftechnical-scientific related to Antarctica. Antarctic logistics are the responsibility of the Armed Forces, who through their Antarctic Commands provide the means for campaigns year.1
The Argentine census October 24, 2010 resulted in the presence of 230 people in permanent Antarctic bases 6 argentinas.2

Base Esperanza
This base was founded on December 17, 1953 by the then Captain GeorgeEdgar Leal, and has been in continuous operation since. In the winter of 1962 (June 14) left there an overland sled dogs led by Lieutenant 1st Giro on 24 October reached the Base San Martin. On January 7, 1978 on this basis was the first birth of a human being in Antarctica. Has an endowment permamente of scientists, logisticians, meteorologists and school teachers and family who live there. The icywinds reach a speed of 200 km / h and the average annual temperature is -20 ° C. It is located on a surface of solid rock, 25 meters above sea level and about 30 m from the coast. The maximum summer population is 90 people, and the winter mean is 56. The population is housed in the complex civil Fortin Sargento Cabral, axexo to the base.
The station consists of 43 buildings with a total area of...