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VISION MONOGRAFICA DE LA ORINOQUIA





KATHERIN ARIAS RENDON
XIMENA SARMIENTO GARCIA
ADRIANA VILLALVA
DANIEL SALAMANCA











PROFESOR
SANTIAGO DUQUE ESCOBAR










UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA
SEDE ORINOQUIA
SEMINARIO
CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA
ARAUCA – ARACUA
2014
LA ORINOQUIA

Según el Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexandervon Humboldt" Colombia, la Orinoquia tiene las siguientes particularidades:

“The Colombian portion of the Orinoco Basin
Comprises 350,000 km2, representing approximately one
Third of the nation’s territory. This includes the states of
Arauca, Casanare, Guainía, Meta, Guaviare and Vichada.
In its physiography the Orinoco-Amazon Basins can be
subdivided into four geographical units: a)Tectonic
Piedmont of the Arauca, Casanare and Meta Rivers; b)
Depositional piedmont of the Meta and Casanare; c)
Lowland plains of the Orinoco floodplain (Casanare,
Arauca); d) high plains of the Orinoco that do not
Extensively flood (Meta and Vichada) (IGAC 1999). All of
These units contribute to the great landscape and habitat
Diversity that together with a seasonal climate have
Contributedto the diversification of the fish fauna of this
Region. The major Colombia sub-basins of the Orinoco
Are the Arauca, Meta, Tomo, Tuparro, Vichada and
Guaviare rivers (IGAC 1999). The Tomo River originates
Near the Carimagua Lagoon of Meta state, later crosses
The state of Vichada, and then dumps its waters directly
Into the Orinoco. It has an approximate length of 606 km
And its principaltributaries are the Tuparro, Tuparrito
And Tuparro Creek (IGAC 1999).

The first fish collections of the Tomo River were made in
1972 and 1973 by professor Plutarco Cala of the biology
Department of the Colombian National University. His
Results were partially published (Cala 1977, 1991a,
1991b) and the material collected was deposited in the
Fish Collection of the National ScienceInstitute of the
Colombian National University (ICN). In 1976
INDERENA sampled fishes from the Tuparro National
Park, and deposited the specimens at IAvH. Later, Lugo of
The department of biology of the Colombian National
University, sampled the Tomo between June 1987 and
February 1989 as part of a study of the «Food habits,
Sexual maturity and spawning of three fishes of the Tomo
River(Vichada)». The material collected during that
Project was deposited in the fish collection of INCIVA in
Cali. The latest samples of Tomo fishes were taken by the
Biodiversity Inventory Program of IAvH in 2004 as part of
The project «Biodiversity and Development in Strategic
Colombian Eco-regions of Colombia: Orinoco.»” Humboldt, 2006.

DIVISION POLITICO – ADMINISTRATIVAEl territorio de la Orinoquia está dividido en siete departamentos. Los departamentos que integran la Orinoquia son: Arauca, Casanare, Guainía, Guaviare, Meta, Vaupés y Vichada. Todos estos nombres corresponden a los de sus ríos dominantes.

Meta
Capital: Villavicencio

Es el área más desarrollada de la Orinoquia. Esto obedece, entre otros rezones, a la proximidad deVillavicencio con la capital de la Republica y a la carretera que las une desde 1937. Con una centenaria tradición en la actividad ganadera y una más reciente en agricultura tecnificada, el Meta busca consolidar la agroindustria sobre la base de una aceptable red de carreteras y servicios de energía. A lo anterior se agrega la producci6n petrolífera que le genera significativas regalías y sus estupendasperspectivas turísticas. El gobierno nacional ha revelado que existen indicios muy prometedores sobre un gran yacimiento petrolero en cercanías a Villavicencio, el cual el cual se identifica con el nombre de Anaconda.

Arauca
Capital: Arauca


Limitante con Venezuela, es un departamento ganadero y agrícola cuya incomunicación con el interior del país obligó a sus habitantes a depender de la...