La Guerra De Los 7 Años

WAR OF SEVEN YEARS
It is named A War of Seven Years or War Carlina to the series of international conflicts developed between 1756 and 1763, to establish the control on Silesia and for the colonial supremacy in North America and India. They took part, on the one hand, Prussia, Hanover and Great Britain together with his American colonies and his ally Portugal time later; and on the other handSaxony, Austria, France, Russia, Sweden and Spain, the latter from 1761. A change of coalitions took place with regard to the Austrian Succession war, though Silesia's conflict and the Franco-British struggle continue being the keys.

All the participants in the War of Seven Years. Blue: Great Britain, Prussia, Portugal and allies. Green: France, Spain, Austria, Russia, Sweden and allies.After previous, and with his military reinforced power, in the middle of the decade of 1750 the reigning dynasty of Austria (the Hapsburg) decided to recover Silesia, territory that was in power of Prussia after the Agreement of Aachen (1748) that had put end to the Austrian Succession war. This action on the part of Austria is considered to be the explosive one of the war of Seven Years. MariaTeresa I possessed the support of Saxony, Russia, Sweden and France to declare the war to Prussia and Great Britain. Prussia was surrounded by enemies, and before the certainty of which it would be attacked, the king Federico II the Big one decided to go forward.

EUROPEAN FRONT
Encouraged by the success, the enemies of Prussia threw his armies to destroy it; nevertheless, Federico demonstrated hismilitary genius and overcame the critical situation with three brilliant victories. The first one in Rossbach (November 5, 1757) on a powerful French army who was advancing for Saxon territory; the second one opposite to the Austrians in Leuthen (Silesia), December 5 of this year, and the third one on the following year (1758), in Zorndorf. From this year (1758) and up to the end of thehostilities, Federico (attacked from several fronts) should have adopted a defensive tactics, which him turned out to be costly and full of dangers.

The Russians joined his forces with the Austrians and both armies defeated the Prussian king in Kunersdorf, near Fráncfort del Óder (August 12, 1759). There it suffered the most serious reverse of his military life. Nevertheless, the allies could not takeadvantage of this victory because they were exhausted and lacking of unit of control; they were delayed in advancing, mistake that Federico used to re-do his forces and to obtain, on the following year, two victories on the Austrians: Liegnitz (Silesia) and Torgau (Saxony).

LA CAÍDA DE KOLBERG, 1761.
In 1759, the East Prussia was in power of the Russians that had taken Berlin. Nevertheless,Great Britain and Hannover conquered surprisingly France; in addition, there took place the retreat of the war of Russia and Sweden (1762) due to the fact that, to the death of the empress of Russia, his successor, Pedro III, who was admiring Federico, signed an agreement of peace, which also was supported by the sucesor of this one, Catalina. In addition 3 agreements were signed: Treated aboutSaint Petersburg Treated about Paris and Treated about Hubertusburg.

AMERICAN FRONT
In North America, France was in setback after having yielded in 1748 Luisburgo's strength in the Island of Breton End in exchange for Madrás. The war began in 1754. The colonial rivalry between France and Great Britain owed to the dispute for the lands placed to the west of the mounts Appalachians and the rightsof fishing in Newfoundland.

Map with the English positions (in red) and French (in blue) in North America just before the beginning of the war.

France wanted to stop the English expansion towards the west, by means of the construction of a chain of forts, between his Canadian territories and New Orleans. In the first years it managed to accumulate several victories, but in 1757, William...