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Horse
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For other uses, see Horse (disambiguation).

Domestic horse |
|
Conservation status |
Domesticated |
Scientificclassification |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Subclass: | Theria |
Infraclass: | Eutheria |
Order: | Perissodactyla |
Family: | Equidae |
Genus: |Equus |
Species: | E. ferus |
Subspecies: | E. f. caballus |
Trinomial name |
Equus ferus caballus
Linnaeus, 1758[1] |
Synonyms |
48[2] |
The horse (Equus ferus caballus)[2][3] is one oftwo extant subspecies of Equus ferus, or the wild horse. It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from asmall multi-toed creature into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC. Horsesin the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describehorses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's Horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary usedto describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior.
Horses' anatomy enables them to make use of speed toescape predators and they have a well-developed sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight instinct. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able tosleep both standing up and lying down. Female horses, called mares, carry their young for approximately 11 months, and a young horse, called a foal, can stand and run shortly following birth. Most...