Metales Pesados

Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie. 26 (3) 201-210, 2010

BIOACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM (CD), LEAD (PB) AND ARSENIC (AS) IN Crassostrea Virginica (GMELIN, 1791), FROM TAMIAHUA LAGOON SYSTEM, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO

Fabiola LANGO-REYNOSO1, Cesáreo LANDEROS-SÁNCHEZ 2 and María del Refugio CASTAÑEDA-CHÁVEZ1

1 Instituto Tecnológico de Boca del Río, km 12 Carretera Veracruz-Córdoba C.P. 94290, Boca del Río,Veracruz; 2 Colegio

México

de Postgraduados, Campus Veracruz (COLPOS), Km 88.5 Carretera Federal Xalapa-Veracruz, vía Paso de Ovejas entre Paso San Juan y Puente Jula, Tepetates, Veracruz, México. C.P. 91700, Apartado Postal 421. E-mail: clandero@colpos.mx

(Recibido octubre 2009, aceptado abril 2010) Key words: oyster, contamination, bivalve, gonad-digestive gland, muscle-mantle-gill
ABSTRACTThe accumulation of heavy metals in oysters, C. virginica, from Tamiahua Lagoon System along the gulf coast in the state of Veracruz, México, results from inputs provided by anthropogenic activities and the physicochemical and ecophysiological processes occurring in these systems. The objective of this study was to determine concentrations of Cd, Pb and As in gonad-digestive gland (GDG) andmuscle-mantle-gill (MMG) tissues in females and males of C. virginica from Tamiahua Lagoon. Two sampling sites were selected, and each sample consisted of 500 oysters of commercial size. Concentrations of Cd, Pb and As were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and a graphite furnace. The highest concentrations were found in MMG tissues, whose mean values for these metals are 11.77 ±1.32, 0.484 ± 0.08, 4.02 ± 0.56 mg kg-1. Cadmium concentrations exceeded the limits for the consumption of bivalve mollusks established by the sanitary regulations, indicating a risk to human health.

Palabras clave: ostión, contaminación, bivalvo, gónada-glándula digestiva, músculo-manto-branquia
RESUMEN La acumulación de metales pesados en ostión C. virginica de las lagunas del Golfo de deMéxico, se debe principalmente a las descargas de actividades antropópicas y a procesos fisicoquímicos y ecofisiológicos que ocurren en estos sistemas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las concentraciones de Cd, Pb y As en las porciones gónada-sistema digestivo (GSD) y músculo-manto-branquias (MMB) de hembras y machos de ostión en el sistema lagunar de Tamiahua, Veracruz. Se seleccionaron dossitios de muestreo. Cada muestra consistió de 500 organismos de talla comercial. Las concentraciones de Cd, Pb y As se determinaron por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y horno de grafito; el tejido MMB registró las concentraciones más altas, de estos metales con valores medios de 11.77 ± 1.32, 0.484 ± 0.08, 4.02 ± 0.56 mg kg-1. El Cd superó los límites permisibles de consumo que establecenlas normas sanitarias para moluscos bivalvos y se estima que representa un riesgo para la salud humana.

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F. Lango-Reynoso et al.

INTRODUCTION A large variety of native mollusks exist in México, of which many species are found in the Gulf of México. One of these, the American oyster Crassostrea virginica is highly important because it is the sixth species most produced at the nationallevel with 51 339 tons/year. Nationally, the state of Veracruz is the main producer of this oyster species along the gulf coast, with 24 475 tons harvested in 2003 (SAGARPA 2006). However, the production of this species in the state over the last several years has been affected by biological (bacterial and viral) and chemical (heavy metals, organochlorate pesticides, and hydrocarbons)contamination and pollution (BarreraEscorcia and Wong-Chang 2005, Albert and Benítez 2005, Guzmán-Amaya et al. 2005, Páez-Osuna 2005, Robert et al. 2008). Above thresholds of acceptance, these contaminants are considered pollutants, causing problems with food safety and health of the oysters produced (Munro and Chaibonneau 1981, Rainbow 1990, Páez-Osuna 1996, Galaviz 2003, SENASICA 2003, Castañeda-Chávez...