Nanotecnologia

Nanotechnology (sometimes shortened to "nanotech") is the manipulation of matter on an atomicand molecular scale. Generally, nanotechnology works with materials, devices, and other structures with atleast one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometres. Quantum mechanical effects are important at this quantum-realm scale. With a variety of potential applications, nanotechnology is a key technologyfor the future and governments have invested billions of dollars in its research. Through its National Nanotechnology Initiative, the USA has invested 3.7 billion dollars. The European Union hasinvested 1.2 billion and Japan 750 million dollars.[1]
Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecularself-assembly, from developing new materialswith dimensions on the nanoscale to direct control of matter on the atomic scale. Nanotechnology entails the application of fields of science as diverse as surfacescience, organic chemistry,molecular biology, semiconductor physics, microfabrication, etc.
Scientists debate the future implications of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology may be able to create many newmaterials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, electronics,biomaterials and energy production. On the other hand, nanotechnology raises many of the same issues as any newtechnology, including concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials,[2] and their potential effects on global economics, as well as speculation about various doomsday scenarios.These concerns have led to a debate among advocacy groups and governments on whether special regulation of nanotechnology is warranted.
Main article: History of nanotechnology
Althoughnanotechnology is a relatively recent development in scientific research, the development of its central concepts happened over a longer period of time. The emergence of nanotechnology in the 1980s was caused by...