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Geography
Bordered on the north by Jordan, Iraq and Kuwait; on the east, by the Persian Gulf and Qatar; southeast, with UAE and Oman; to the south, Yemen, and on the west by the Red Sea. The coun try accounts for 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Much of the borders with the United Arab Emirates, Oman and Yemen are not well defined, which is why the country's exact size is unknown, but isestimated at about 2.24 million square kilometers .

The climate is dry and warm. Half the country is inhabited by a desert of temperature extremes in certain areas where there are oases. In most of Saudi Arabia vegetation is sparse and limited xerophytic herbs and shrubs.

The fauna is composed wild cats, monkeys, baboons, hyenas and wolves. The coastline on the Red Sea, particularly coralreefs, have a rich marine fauna. The length of the coastline is about 2640 kilómeters.

The southwestern region has mountains reaching 3,000 meters and is the greenest country and cool. The capital, Riyadh, has an average temperature of 42° C in July and 14° C in January. Instead Jeddah on the west coast has a temperature of 31° C in July and 23° C in January.

The major cities in Saudi Arabiaare Riyadh (the capital of the Kingdom), Dammam, Jeddah, Mecca and Medina. Yida is a major port city on the Red Sea and is the gateway for african pilgrims .
In Dammam is the principal place of business of the rich oil fields of Saudi Arabia.


Saudí Arabia

Nicolás Castro Artuz
Religion, Culture,Language and Gastronomy
The two holiest sites of Islam in this country are in the cities ofMecca and Medina. Five times a day, Muslims are called from the minarets of mosques to pray. Over the weekend it is on Thursday and Friday. The practice of Christianity, the presence of churches and holding Christian religious materials is prohibited. For these prohibitions is considered that Saudi Arabia is the world's most restrictive country to the right to religious freedom . This issue isaggravated by the fact that there are significant Christian minorities in the country. Neither the Christians nor the Judaists are allowed to enter the cities of Mecca and Medina, but instead are allowed itself to ethnic Jews, with the precondition that they are practicing Muslims and speak Arabic (despite his Jewish ethnicity) . The Qur'an is the constitution of Saudi Arabia and the sharia (Islamiclaw) is the foundation of its legal system and no other religion can be practiced in the country. The country has an institution called Mutawa or religious police, also known as police for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice. Has 3500 officers and thousands of volunteers, whose job is to enforce Islamic law. During the fasting month of Ramadan both Muslims and people of other faithsliving in the country, must save the fast prescribed by religious law of Sharia. Smoking, eating or drinking in public during this month is punishable by imprisonment for the Saudis, or immediate expulsion from the country to foreigners. Several million Muslim worshipers come each year on pilgrimage or hajj to Mecca and the holy places of Islam surrounding, held on specific dates in the Muslimcalendar, or minor pilgrimage, or umrah can be performed at any time of year.
The culture of Saudi Arabia takes place mainly around the Islamic religion. One of the most notable folk rituals is the Ardha, which is the country's traditional dance. The sword dance is based on a Bedouin tradition, the drums set the pace and poet recites verses while several men carrying swords dance shoulder to shoulder.Folk music called "Al-Hijaz sihba" comes from the Arab Andalusia. In Mecca, Medina and Jeddah, dance incorporates an instrument called "al-mizmar" which is similar to the oboe occidental. The Arab robes are very symbolic, representing the relationship between man and earth, past and Islam. The loose and flowing garments reflect the practicalities of life in a country dominated by desert....