Perfo

Mud School Exam 2 Review
1.

What are the three forms of polymers? Linear, Cross- linked, Branched

Branched (headless monkey)
Cross-linked (3-legged bull)

Linear (earthworm)

2. What is a high molecular weight polymer? Viscosifier
3. What is a medium molecular weight polymer? Filtration control agent
4. What is the low molecular weight polymer? Thinner orDeflocculant or both
5. What is THERM-THIN and what conditions must be present for to work? Thinner, heat or thermal
6. What is PAC R used for? Primarily filtration, secondary effect is viscosity
7. What is the difference between AQUAGEL and AQUAGEL GOLD SEAL? AQUAGEL GOLD SEAL is pure sodium montmorillonite and AQUAGEL is treated sodium montmorillonite
8. What is QUICK-THIN and whation needs to be present for it to work? Thinner or deflocculant, OH
9. What is CAUSTIC and what ion is essential? Alkalinity source, OH
10. When we measure pH what are we measuring? OH and H
11. List the ions strongest to weakest? (8.3) OH > CO3 >HCO3 (4.3)
12. Is it possible to have ↑OH and ↑HCO3? No, they exist in different pH values. OH is high pH and HCO3 low pH13. Why do we titrate the alkalinity of the whole DF? Pm alkalinity is used to look for OH and CO3
14. Mf
Explain the 8.3 and 4.3 pH scale.
(HCO3)
Pf

(CO3)

(OH)

14
8.37.0
4.3
0

15. Pm→OH, CO3 – titrating the mud to 8.3 pH
Pf→OH, CO3 – titrating the filtrate to 8.3 pH
Mf→HCO3 – titrating the filtrate to 4.3 pH16. Pf/Mf : What alkalinity contributing ions are present in the filtrate when:
Pf = 0B-Bicarbonates (HCO3)
Pf = Mf O-Hydroxyls (OH)
2Pf = Mf C-Carbonates (CO3)2Pf > Mf C-Carbonates (CO3) & O-Hydroxyls (OH)
2Pf < Mf C-Carbonates (CO3) & B-Bicarbonates (HCO3)
17. When clays are suspended in water and the layers of the individual clayparticles swell, the condition is called? Hydration
18. The edge to edge or edge to face association of clay particles is called? Flocculation
19. Adding thinners to a flocculated drilling mud results in? Deflocculation
20. What leads to a greater number of clay particles, an increase in surface area, and to higher plastic viscosity in drilling mud? Dispersion
21. The face to facestacking of layers in the clay particles, leading to decreased viscosity is called? Aggregated
22. Draw each of the clay states:
Na Na
Aggregated:

Na Na

Na Na



Hydrated:
H2O
H2O

H2O...