Perforacion Direccional

Directional Drilling (Book / Catalog)

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Directional Drilling
The Petroleum Well Construction Book was published by John Wiley and Sons. Content provided has been authored orco-authored by Halliburton employees to be used for educational purposes. Lance D. Underwood, Halliburton Energy Services Michael L. Payne, Arco Exploration and Production Technology

IntroductionDirectional drilling began with the use of devices such as whipstocks or techniques such as jetting to kick off, rotary assemblies to control inclination in tangent sections, and wireline steering tools toorient and survey. These tools possessed limited directional control capabilities, required frequent tripping of the drillstring, and made directional drilling an expensive, difficult, and sometimesrisky proposition. Directional well planning was more an art than a science, and capabilities and boundaries were based largely on empirical observations and historical tool performance. Recently,technological advances have contributed to a significant increase in the use and scale of directional drilling. Perhaps the technologies with the highest impact have been steerable mud motors,measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tools, and logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools. These tools in combination have provided the ability to follow complex, 3D well profiles without changing bottomhole assemblies(BHAs), and to measure where the bit has drilled without having to run a wireline to survey or log. Equally important, engineering models have provided the fundamental tools for evaluating drillstrings,hydraulics, BHAs, and the drilled formations themselves. These advances have enabled the drilling of extended-reach, horizontal, and multiple-target well profiles once thought impractical, uneconomical,or impossible. Most books currently available either discuss deviation control—the attempt to keep vertical wells truly vertical—or discuss older directional-drilling practices, such as whipstocks,...