Precursores De La Ing. Industrial

Precursors of Industrial Engineering

It was Frederick Winslow Taylor (1956 - 1915) who study the human factor as to the mechanics and materials in a production system. He is considered the modern father of the study of time in America.Administration makes a science. He started as an operator, climbing his way up to management. Time began its work in 1881 and in 1883 developed a system based onthe concept of "homework". The concept of task is proposed that management of a company must assign the job to the employee in writing especificándole the method, means and time required for the job. During his work was specified in two work areas. An operational and organizational another. Operational Level: (1903) took into account the following principles: Assign the task to the workerheaviest possible. Never produce below a defined standard. Looking for incentive compensation.Eliminates waste and material costs. Fix a basis for improving the work.Study the Organization level: (1911). Seeks to resolve the systematic laziness. Empirical methods inefficient. Imperfect systems for idleness at work. Ignorance on the part of management procedures. Lack of information on techniques. In 1903presented his article "Shop management" (Management Workshop), which raised the foundations of scientific management. The implementation time study to optimize processes.Functional supervision or divided with which it could better control over the workers and giving it a more effective solution to various problems presented. The standardization of tools and implements, as well as actions andmovements of the workers. Achieving a more uniform output. The need for a planning department to outline the procedures to carry out and anticipate potential problems and solutions. The calculation using laws to better plan for saving time and processes. Instruction cards for the worker (Concept of task), accompanied by bonuses to workers when it performs its task successfully. A system of paths andpath to which it seeks to make a better physical organization of the company reducing the transport time of materials. · A modern system costs. His theory was losing side of man, lacked evidence and mechanized man. He invented and developed the cold metal process (Taylor - White) heat treatment for steel.


Henri Fayol (1912) is regarded as the father of the Modern Theory of OperationsManagement. He was CEO of one of the most important industrial complexes, mining - metallurgical French and wrote his report as an analysis of the structure and process of management as seen from their level. Introduced two main categories of concepts and activities called "management principles" and "managerial duties." Managerial duties: The most important are: Caring for the organization's human andmaterial is in accordance with objective, resources and business needs. Establish a single authority, competent, energetic and guidance. Harmonize the activities and care efforts. Pay special attention to the control unit.Implements the "organization" is one of the managerial functions, independent of the planning, control, coordination and control, but is related to the operation. It provides viewsthat contribute to the formation of the structure, but maintains that the "general form of any organization depends on the number of staff". Discusses the responsibilities of the Director General and highlights the importance of the same count the services of a "General Staff". The "Staff" is a group of men endowed with energy, knowledge and time that the Director may be lacking. This staff has noauthority level and only receive orders from the CEO. Business operations divided into six groups as priority: 
1. Technical (Production).

2. Trade (Buy, Sell and Exchange).

3. - Financial.

4. - Security. 

5. - Accounting. 

6. - Management (Planning, Organization, Command, Coordination and Control). 

In 1932, the term "Engineering Method" was used by HB Maynard and his...