Química ambiental

Manahan, Stanley E. "FRONTMATTER" Environmental Chemistry Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000

PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION

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Environmental chemistry, Seventh Edition, continues much the same organizational structure, level, and emphasis that have been developed through preceding editions. In addition to providing updated material in the rapidly developing area ofenvironmental chemistry, this edition emphasizes several major concepts that are proving essential to the practice of environmental chemistry at the beginning of the new millennium. These include the concept of the anthrosphere as a distinct sphere of the environment and the practice of industrial ecology, sometimes known as “green chemistry” as it applies to chemical science. Chapter 1 serves asan introduction to environmental science, technology, and chemistry. Chapter 2 defines and discusses the anthrosphere, industrial ecosystems, and their relationship to environmental chemistry. Chapters 3 through 8 deal with aquatic chemistry. Chapters 9 through 14 discuss atmospheric chemistry. Chapter 14 emphasizes the greatest success story of environmental chemistry to date, the study ofozonedepleting chlorofluorocarbons which resulted in the first Nobel prize awarded in environmental chemistry. It also emphasizes the greenhouse effect, which may be the greatest of all threats to the global environment as we know it. Chapters 15 and 16 deal with the geosphere, the latter chapter emphasizing soil and agricultural chemistry. Included in the discussion of agricultural chemistry is theimportant and controversial new area of of transgenic crops. Another area discussed is that of conservation tillage, which makes limited use of herbicides to grow crops with minimum soil disturbance. Chapters 17 through 20 cover several aspects of industrial ecology and how it relates to material and energy resources, recycling, and hazardous waste. Chapters 21 through 23 cover the biosphere. Chapter21 is an overview of biochemistry with emphasis upon environmental aspects. Chapter 22 introduces and outlines the topic of toxicological chemistry. Chapter 23 discusses the toxicological chemistry of various classes of chemical substances. Chapters 24 through 27 deal with environmental chemical analysis, including water, wastes, air, and xenobiotics in biological materials. The last two chaptersof the book, 28 and 29 include an overview of general

© 2000 CRC Press LLC

chemistry and of organic chemistry. Although the book is designed for readers who have a good understanding of general chemistry and some knowledge of organic chemistry, these last chapters can serve as resource materials for individuals who may not have a very good background in chemistry. The author welcomescomments and questions from readers. He can be reached by e-mail at manahans@missouri.edu.

© 2000 CRC Press LLC

Stanley E. Manahan is Professor of Chemistry at the University of MissouriColumbia, where he has been on the faculty since 1965 and is President of ChemChar Research, Inc., a firm developing non-incinerative thermochemical waste treatment processes. He received his A.B. in chemistryfrom Emporia State University in 1960 and his Ph.D. in analytical chemistry from the University of Kansas in 1965. Since 1968 his primary research and professional activities have been in environmental chemistry, toxicological chemistry, and waste treatment. He teaches courses on environmental chemistry, hazardous wastes, toxicological chemistry, and analytical chemistry; he has lectured on thesetopics throughout the U.S. as an American Chemical Society Local Section tour speaker, and he has written a number of books on these topics.

© 2000 CRC Press LLC

CONTENTS

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CHAPTER 1: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND CHEMISTRY 1.1 What is Environmental Science? 1.2 Environmental Chemistry and Environmental Biochemistry 1.3 Water, Air, Earth, Life, and...