Resumen Examen Ciencias

Basic Science
Lab Safety Rules:
1. Don’t run, push or throw anything in the lab.
2. Girls tie their hair and button up any loose clothes.
3. Always wear safety goggles and lab coat.
4. Never touch gas taps, electricity sockets or other lab equipment unless instructed to do so by the teacher.
5. Use all lab equipment following the teacher’s instructions.
6. Report anyhealth or safety issues to the teacher.
7. Ensure all lab equipment is put away correctly.
All these safety rules are there because if we don’t follow them we will be immediately exposed to danger and our bodies may react in a way that is not healthy for us. Write two reasons for each rule.
Remember:
* When you write any measure write it’s “last name” or unit of measure.
For example:
10|
10cm |


* When you want to measure a liquid on a graduated cylinder and record the exact amount always write where meniscus is.
The meniscus is this:
The meniscus is like the “tummy” that is formed in liquids.

What is volume?
Volume is the amount of space (mass) an object takes up.
Volume = length x height
Volume = length x height
How do we measure it?

Water displacementmethod:
The water displacement method is an easier way to measure the volume of a irregular shaped objects.
Procedure:
I. Fill a graduated cylinder with water. Record the volume of the water.
II. In the cylinder put a irregular shaped object.
III. Record the new volume.
IV. Subtract the new volume from the old one. The resulting amount is equal to the volume of the solid irregularshaped object.
The Scientific Method:
Ask question
Ask question

Chart + Graphing
Chart + Graphing
Acurate
Acurate
Fair test
Fair test
Think! Try again!
Think! Try again!
Hypothesis is wrong
Hypothesis is wrong
Report results
Report results
Hypothesis is true
Hypothesis is true
Analize results, draw conclusions
Analize results, draw conclusions
Test hypothesis with fairexperiment
Test hypothesis with fair experiment
Construct hypothesis
Construct hypothesis
Background research
hh
Background research
hh



Remember:
* When constructing an hypothesis always use this structure: “If ……….. then …….. because.”

Prediction v/s Hypothesis:
* Prediction: What you think will happen just because.
* Hypothesis: What you think will happen becauseof a reason, previous observation and research.
Variables:
A variable is anything that can change in a investigation.
3 Types of variables:

1. Independent variable:
The thing we change in a experiment.
2. Dependent variable:
What we are measuring in the investigation.
3. Controlled/Key variables:
What we must keep the same to allow a fair test.
Graphing:
Key:Key:

Tittle (include dependant & independent variable) its always easier to write it like this: “the effect of (independent variable) in ( ).”
Tittle (include dependant & independent variable) its always easier to write it like this: “the effect of (independent variable) in ( ).”
Scale
Scale
Y Axis
Y Axis

If the mínimum is too high, you can draw two lines in the Y axis, below theminimum but above zero.
If the mínimum is too high, you can draw two lines in the Y axis, below the minimum but above zero.

Independent variable
( )
Independent variable
( )
“Last name”, unit of measure
“Last name”, unit of measure
X Axis
X Axis
Dependent variable
( )
Dependent variable
( )

Other type of “variables”:
* Continuous:
Dependent variables that can havedecimals.
It can’t continue decimal by decimal
It can’t continue decimal by decimal
For example:
Tuesday.55 |
It continues decimal by decimal
It continues decimal by decimal
Length: 30.43cm |
* Discrete:
Dependent variables that are straight forward, they don’t have decimals (mainly; colors; days; objects, etc.)
Blue |
Height: 1.69m |

Scientific drawings:
* Always in pencil...