resumen un secreto ne mi colegio

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jjjjjjjfjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjEn lógica, una falacia (del latín fallacia, ‘engaño’) es un argumento que parece válido, pero no lo es.1 2 Algunas falacias se cometen intencionalmente para persuadir o manipular a los demás, mientras que otras se cometen sin intención debido a descuidos o ignorancia. En ocasiones las falacias pueden ser muy sutiles y persuasivas, por lo que se debe poner mucha atención para detectarlas.3

El que un argumento sea falaz no implicaque sus premisas o su conclusión sean falsas. Un argumento puede tener premisas y conclusión verdaderas y aún así ser falaz. Lo que hace falaz a un argumento es la invalidez del argumento en sí. De hecho, inferir que una proposición es falsa porque el argumento que la contiene por conclusión es falaz es en sí una falacia conocida como argumento ad logicam.4

El estudio de las falacias se remontapor lo menos hasta Aristóteles, quien en sus Refutaciones sofísticas identificó y clasificó trece clases de falacias.1 Desde entonces, cientos de otras falacias se han agregado a la lista y se han propuesto varios sistemas de clasificación.

Las falacias son de interés no solo para la lógica, sino también para la política, la retórica, el derecho, la ciencia, la religión, el periodismo, lamercadotecnia, el cine y, en general, cualquier área en la cual la argumentación y la persuasión sean de especial relevancia.

Índice [ocultar]
1 Definiciones
2 Ejemplos
2.1 Petición de principio
2.2 Afirmación del consecuente
2.3 Generalización apresurada
2.4 Post hoc ergo propter hoc
2.5 Falacia del francotirador
2.6 Falacia del hombre de paja
2.7 Falacia del alegato especial
2.8Argumento a silentio
2.9 Argumento ad consequentiam
2.10 Argumento ad baculum
2.11 Argumento ad hominem...