Sigma

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PART

Six Sigma Implernentation and Management

xviii

Introduction
The presentation of DMAIC is followed by design for Six Sigma (DFSS)

principies and practices. The DFSS methodology focuses on the DefineMeasure-Analyze-Design-Verify (DMADV) approach, which builds on the reader's understanding of DMAIC. DFSS is used primarily when there is no process in existence, o r when theexisting process is t o be completely redesigned. Finally, a chapter on Lean Manufacturing provides the reader with an overview of this important topic and discusses its relationship t o Six Sigma.

DMAIC overview
The Define phase of the book covers process mapping and f l ~ w c h a r t i n ~ , project charter development, problem solving tools, and the so-called 7M tools. Measure covers theprinciples of measurement, continuous and discrete data, scales of measurement, an overview of the principles of variation, (RR) studies for continuous and and repeatability-and-reproducibility discrete data. Analyze covers establishing a process base line, how t o determine process improvement goals, knowledge discovery, including descriptive and exploratory data analysis and data mining tools,the basic principles of statistical process control (SPC), specialized control charts, process capability analysis, correlation and regression analysis, analysis of categorical data, and non-parametric statistical methods. Irnprove covers project management, risk assessment, process simulation, design of experiments (DOE), robust design concepts (includiq Taguchi principies), and processoptimization. Control covers process control planning, using SPC for operational control, and PRE-control. DFSS covers the DMADV framework for process design, statistical tolerancing, reliability and safety, using simulation software to analyze variation and risk, and performing "virtual DOE" using simulation software and artificial neural networks. Lean covers the basic principles of Lean, Lean tools andtechniques, and a framework for deployment. It also discusses the considerable overlap between Lean and Six Sigma and how to integrate the two related approaches to achieve process excellence.

Introduction
The goal of this book remains the same as for the first edition, namely, to provide you with the comprehensive guidance and direction necessary to realize Six Sigma's promise, whileavoiding traps and pitfalls commonly encountered. In this book you will find a complete overview of the management andorganization of Six Sigma, the philosophy which underlies Six Sigma, and those problem solving techniques and statistical tools most often used in Six Sigma. It is not intended to Le an ASQ ccrtification study guide, although it includes coverage of most of the topics included in theASQ body of knowledge. Rather it is intended as a guide for champions, leaders, "belts," team members and others interested in using the Six Sigma approach to make their organizations more efficient, more effective, o r both. In short, it is a user's manual, not a classroom textbook. Compared to the first edition, you will find less discussion of theory. I love theory, but Six Sigma is quitehard-nosed in its bottom-line e ~ p h a s i s and I know that serious practitioners are more interested in how to use the tools and techniques to obtain results than in the theory underlying a particular tool. (Of course, theory is provided to the extent necessary t o understand the proper use and limitations of a given tool.) Minitab and other software are used extensively to illustrate how to applystatistical techniques in a variety of situations encountered during Six Sigma projects. 1believe that one of the major differences between Six Sigma and previous initiatives, such as TQM, is the integration of powerful computer-based tools into the training. Many actual examples are used, making this book something of a practica1 p i d e based on the school of hard knocks. Severa1 different...