Slums

SLUM

Other names: barrio, favela, ghetto, squatter city, masseque, kampong, basti, bidonville, barong barong

- Informal settlements with inadequate housing
- Miserable living conditions
-overcrowded – high population density
- no basic municipial services such as water and sanitation
- land is obtained illegally or informally
- mostly informal employment
- unsufficient access toinfrastructures
- political and social exclusion

In history many slums have been unrecognized for a long time and the only reaction have been attempts to force resettlement of slum dwellers or todrive them away.
Now there is an international agreement that improvement of living conditions in slum is important.


FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SLUMS
- poverty
- lack of livingspace
- rapid population growth + urbanization
- bad governance – fails to provide shelter for the poor
- migration
- corruption + real estate speculation

FACTS
Over 50 % ofworld population live in cities
Over 1 billion people worldwide live in slums

Developing world:
1 out of 3 people in cities live in slums
Over 90% of urban growth takes place here



SLUMUPGRADING
People have a right to live with basic dignity in decent conditions
Best for the city - bad image, high crime rate, governments can lose authority, diseases can spread quickly in slums- gradually improve and formalize informal settlements and integrate them into the city
- provide slum dwellers with: economic, social and institutional services
- secure land tenure:legalize properties for residents
- most affordable method for cities to provide housing for the poor
- tearing down slums would be bad, because the poor are tied to the location for accessto jobs or infrastructure in the inner city


TO BE SUCCESSFUL it needs
- a strong political will on behalf of the government
- a good sense of partnership among all parties
- the...