Temas Variados

suffix spelling rules

'y' to 'i' rule
When you add a suffix to a word which ends in a consonant followed by a 'y',
change the 'y' to 'i'. e.g. The word 'happy' ends in 'py'. When you add the suffix 'ness',
change the 'y' to 'i' to make the word happiness: happy + ness = happiness.
Exceptions to the rule. If you are adding the suffix 'ing' to a word ending in 'y', keep
the 'y'. e.g. Theword 'copy' ends in 'py'. When you add 'ing' the 'y' doesn't change to an
'i' because you would have 2 'i's together: copy + ing = copying.
Silent 'e' rule
When you add a 'y' or a suffix which starts with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) to a word which
ends in a silent 'e', drop the silent 'e'.
Silent 'e' words are ones that end with a consonant and have an 'e' at the end, such as
hope, like, love. If yousay the word to yourself you don't really hear the 'e' at the end.
e.g. The word 'noise' ends in a silent 'e'. When you add the suffix 'y', the 'e' is dropped
to make the word, noisy: noise + y = noisy. The word 'like' ends in a silent 'e'. When you
add the suffix 'ing', the 'e' is dropped to make the word, liking: like + ing = liking.
Exceptions to the rule. If a word ends in 'ce', or 'ge',keep the 'e' if you add a suffix.
beginning with either an 'a', or an 'o'. (This is done to keep the 'c' or 'g' sounding soft.)
e.g. The word 'peace' ends in 'ce'. When you add on the suffix 'able' the silent 'e' is kept
to make the word, peaceable: peace + able = peaceable





Suffix spelling rules - double letters

Usually when you add a suffix to a root word the spelling of bothstays the
same: e.g. care + ful = careful But there are several important groups of words
where the spelling of the root word changes when you add a suffix.
Sometimes the spelling changes because of the 'Doubling' rules. As
always, there are exceptions to these 4 rules, but they are a good starting guide:

1] For most short (one syllable) words that end in a single consonant (anything but'a',
'e', 'i', 'o', 'u') you need to double the last letter when you add a suffix: e.g. run + ing =
running sun + y = sunny If the word ends with more than one consonant, you don't
double the last letter: e.g. pump + ed = pumped sing + ing = singing
2] For most longer (more than one syllable) words that end in 'l' you need to double the
'l' when you add the suffix: e.g. travel + ing = travelingcancel + ed = cancelled
3] For most longer (more than one syllable) words that have the stress on the last
syllable when you say them AND end in a single consonant (anything but 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o',
'u') you need to double the last letter: e.g. begin + er = beginner prefer + ing =
preferring If the word has more than one syllable and ends in a single consonant, but
the stress isn't on the lastsyllable, then you don't need to double the last letter before
adding a suffix: e.g. offer + ing = offering benefit + ed = benefited
4] If you have a word ending in a consonant and a suffix starting in a consonant, you
don't need to double the last letter of the word: e.g. enrol + ment = enrolment commit +
ment = commitment.



Present progressive


The present progressive is formed bycombinig the verb ‘’to be’’ with the present participle. The present participle is merely the ‘’ing’’ from of verb.

In english, present progressive can be used to describe what is happenin now, or what will happen in the future.

• I am studying now.
• I am studying with maría tonight.

In spanish, the present progressive is only used to describe an action that is in the pecess oftaking place. It is NOT used for future actions.


• I am studying now.
(used present progressive)
• I am studying with maría tonight.
(Do not used present progressive)


Simple present

In Simple Present, the action is simply mentioned and there is nothing being said about its completeness. It is used to talk about an action which happens on a regular basis....