The Spread Of Hellenistic Culture

THE SPREAD OF HELLENISTIC CULTURE (146)
HELLENISTIC CULTURE IN ALEXANDRIA
* A vibrant new culture emerged. Greek (as known Hellenic) blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influenced.
* This blending was known as Hellenistic Culture.
* Koine (means common) was the spoken language of this culture result of the cultural blending.

TRADE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY
* Alexandriabecame the most important center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization.
* Alexandria had become an international community, with a rich mixture of customs and traditions.
ALEXANDRIA’S ATTRACTIONS
* Rulers built magnificent royal palace.
* Alexander’s elaborated glass coffin
* A 350 feet stood an enormous lighthouse called the Pharos of Alexandria, contained a polished bronzemirror that reflect the light.
* The famous library and museum. The museum was a temple dedicated to the Muses, it contained art galleries, a zoo, botanical gardens and a dining hall, the museum was an institute of advanced study.
* The library had half a million papyrus and scrolls included masterpieces of ancient literature.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
* Astronomy: Alexandria’s museumcontained a small observatory. Aristarchus of Samos reached two significant scientific conclusions. In one he estimated that the sun was at least 300 times larger than Earth. The second was that Earth and other planets revolved around the sun.
MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS
* Euclid was a high regarded mathematician. His best known book “Elements” contained geometry prepositions and proofs.
*Archimedes of Syracuse, he estimated the value of pi. Also he invented the Archimedes screw, a device that raised water from the ground.
PHILOSOPHY AND ART
STOICISM AND EPICUREANISM
* Zeno found the school of philosophers called Stoicism that proposed people should live virtuous lives in harmony with the will of God or the natural laws of God in the universe. Stoicism promoted social unityand encouraged its followers to focus on what they could control.
* Epicurus founded the school of thought called Epicureanism. He taught that gods had no interest in humans ruled the universe, he believed that the only real objects were those that the five senses perceived, Epicurus taught that the highest pleasure came from virtuous conduct and the absence of pain. He proposed that themain goal of humans was to achieve harmony of body and mind.
REALISM IN SCULPTURE
* Rulers, wealthy merchants, and cities all purchased statues to honor gods.
* The largest known Hellenistic statue was created on the island of Rhodes (colossus of Rhodes) this bronze statue stood more than 100 feet high.

ANCIENT ROME AND EARLY CHRISTIANITY (pag 153)
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
THE ORIGIN OFROME
* According to the legend was founded in 753 bc by Romus and Remus, twin sons of the god Mars and a Latin princess. These twins were raised by a she-wolf, and decided to build a city near the spot.
THE FIRST ROMANS
* From 1000 to 500 bc three groups inhabited these region and battled for control, they were the Latins, the Greeks and the Etruscans
THE EARLY REPUBLIC
* Around 600bcthe Etruscans became king of Rome.
* The kings built many important constructions. The most important “the Forum”
* The last king of Rome Tarquin the Proud, a harsh tyrant, he was driven from power in 509 bc .
* Romans established a Republic (latin means public affair) is a form of government rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. –In Rome voted the free-bornmale citizens).
PATRICIANS AND PLEBEIANS
* THE PATRICIANS: The wealthy landowners who held most of the power. The patricians inherited the power and social status, they believed their ancestry gave the authority to make laws in Rome. And the PLEBEIANS the common farmers, artisans and merchants who made up the majority of the population. Rome’s leaders allowed the plebeians to form...