The Transformation War
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Publicado: 11 de abril de 2011
THE TRANSFORMATION OFWAR
Martín van Creveld
I[!EI
THE FREE PRESS
New York London Toronto Sydney
Copyright © 1991 by Martin van Creveld
A11 rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval systern, wíthout permission in writingfrom the Publisher. The Free Press A Division of Simon & Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas NewYork,N.Y.10020 Printed in the United States of America printing number
I S 17 19 20 18 16 14
Ubrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
van Creveld, Martin L. The transformation of war / Martín van Creveld. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-l3: 978-0-02-933155-2ISBN-lO: 0-02-933155-2 1. Military art and science-History-20th century. 2. Military art and science-History-19th century. 3. War. 4. World politícs-19455. World politícs-1900-1945. 6. World politics-19th century. 7. Military history, Modern-20th century. 8. Military hístory, Modern-l9th century. l. Title. U42.V36 1991 355.02'09'04-dc20 90-47093 CIP
To my children May they neoer have to fight Contents
Introduction: What, Why, How
CHAPTER l.
ix
Contemporary War
Tbe Milítary Balance Nuclear War Conventional War Low Intensity War Tbe Record 01 Failure
1
CHAPTER 11.
By Whom War Is Fought
Tbe Clausewitzian Universe 7Hnitarian War Total War Nontrinitarian War Low Intensity Conflict Resurgens
33
CHAPTER 111.
What War Is AlI About
A Prussian Marseillaise TbeLaw 01 War: Prisoners Tbe Law 01 War: Noncombatants Tbe Law 01 War: Weapons Tbe War Convention
63
CHAPTER IV.
How War Is Fought
A Prussian Marseillaise Continued On Strategy. Tbe Creation 01 Force On Strategy. Obstacles to Force On Strategy. Tbe Use 01 Force Tbe Paradoxical Logic
95
CHAPTER V.
What War Is Fought For
Polítical War
vii
124
viii
CONTENTS
NonpolittcalWar: [ustice Nonpolitical War: Religion Nonpolitical War: Existence Tbe Metamorpboses of Interest
CHAPTER
VI. Why War Is Fought
1be Will to Figbt Means and Ends Tension and Rest Aside. Women Tbe Strategic Straitjaceet
157
CHAPTER VII.
Future War
By Whom War Will Be Fougbt What War Will Be All About How War Will Be Fougbt What War Will Be Fougbt For Wby War Will Be Fougbt
192Postscript: The Shape of Things to Come Selected Bibliography Index
224 229 245
In trod uction: What, Why, How
The present volume has a purpose, namely, to address some of the most fundamental problems presented by war in all ages: by whom it is fought, what it is all about, how it is fought, what it is fought for, and why it is fought. These questions are by no means new, and indeed merelyto list the answers to them that have been given by various people at various times and places would be tantamount to a record of civilization. No doubt many readers will also regard some of these questions as too philosophical, even irrelevant to the "practicar' business of waging war. However, it is axiomatic that no human activity can really take place, let alone be carried out successfully,without a thorough understanding of the principIes involved. Therefore, finding correct answers to them is vitally important. The present volume also has a message-namely, that conternpor- ary "strategíc" thought about every one of these problems is fundamen- tally flawed; and, in addition, is rooted in a "Clausewitzian" world- picture that is either obsolete or wrong. We are entering an era, not ofpeaceful economic competition between trading blocks, but of warfare between ethnic and religious groups. Even as familiar forms of armed conflict are sinking into the dustbin of the past, radically new ones are raising their heads ready to take their place. Already today the military power fielded by the principal developed societies in both "West" and "East" is hardly relevant to the task at...
Martín van Creveld
I[!EI
THE FREE PRESS
New York London Toronto Sydney
Copyright © 1991 by Martin van Creveld
A11 rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval systern, wíthout permission in writingfrom the Publisher. The Free Press A Division of Simon & Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas NewYork,N.Y.10020 Printed in the United States of America printing number
I S 17 19 20 18 16 14
Ubrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
van Creveld, Martin L. The transformation of war / Martín van Creveld. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-l3: 978-0-02-933155-2ISBN-lO: 0-02-933155-2 1. Military art and science-History-20th century. 2. Military art and science-History-19th century. 3. War. 4. World politícs-19455. World politícs-1900-1945. 6. World politics-19th century. 7. Military history, Modern-20th century. 8. Military hístory, Modern-l9th century. l. Title. U42.V36 1991 355.02'09'04-dc20 90-47093 CIP
To my children May they neoer have to fight Contents
Introduction: What, Why, How
CHAPTER l.
ix
Contemporary War
Tbe Milítary Balance Nuclear War Conventional War Low Intensity War Tbe Record 01 Failure
1
CHAPTER 11.
By Whom War Is Fought
Tbe Clausewitzian Universe 7Hnitarian War Total War Nontrinitarian War Low Intensity Conflict Resurgens
33
CHAPTER 111.
What War Is AlI About
A Prussian Marseillaise TbeLaw 01 War: Prisoners Tbe Law 01 War: Noncombatants Tbe Law 01 War: Weapons Tbe War Convention
63
CHAPTER IV.
How War Is Fought
A Prussian Marseillaise Continued On Strategy. Tbe Creation 01 Force On Strategy. Obstacles to Force On Strategy. Tbe Use 01 Force Tbe Paradoxical Logic
95
CHAPTER V.
What War Is Fought For
Polítical War
vii
124
viii
CONTENTS
NonpolittcalWar: [ustice Nonpolitical War: Religion Nonpolitical War: Existence Tbe Metamorpboses of Interest
CHAPTER
VI. Why War Is Fought
1be Will to Figbt Means and Ends Tension and Rest Aside. Women Tbe Strategic Straitjaceet
157
CHAPTER VII.
Future War
By Whom War Will Be Fougbt What War Will Be All About How War Will Be Fougbt What War Will Be Fougbt For Wby War Will Be Fougbt
192Postscript: The Shape of Things to Come Selected Bibliography Index
224 229 245
In trod uction: What, Why, How
The present volume has a purpose, namely, to address some of the most fundamental problems presented by war in all ages: by whom it is fought, what it is all about, how it is fought, what it is fought for, and why it is fought. These questions are by no means new, and indeed merelyto list the answers to them that have been given by various people at various times and places would be tantamount to a record of civilization. No doubt many readers will also regard some of these questions as too philosophical, even irrelevant to the "practicar' business of waging war. However, it is axiomatic that no human activity can really take place, let alone be carried out successfully,without a thorough understanding of the principIes involved. Therefore, finding correct answers to them is vitally important. The present volume also has a message-namely, that conternpor- ary "strategíc" thought about every one of these problems is fundamen- tally flawed; and, in addition, is rooted in a "Clausewitzian" world- picture that is either obsolete or wrong. We are entering an era, not ofpeaceful economic competition between trading blocks, but of warfare between ethnic and religious groups. Even as familiar forms of armed conflict are sinking into the dustbin of the past, radically new ones are raising their heads ready to take their place. Already today the military power fielded by the principal developed societies in both "West" and "East" is hardly relevant to the task at...
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