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Chapter 26 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service

Gradation Design of Sand and Gravel Filters

Part 633 National Engineering Handbook

Part 633 National Engineering Handbook

Chapter 26 Gradation Design of Sand and Gravel Filters

(210-vi–NEH, October 1994)

26–1

Chapter 26

Gradation Design of Sand and Gravel Filters

Part 633 NationalEngineering Handbook

Issued October 1994

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication ofprogram information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 7202600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, or call 1-800-245-6340 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer.
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Chapter 26Gradation Design of Sand and Gravel Filters

Preface

Part 633 National Engineering Handbook

Most of the criteria in this document was originally issued in Soil Mechanics Note 1, revised January 1986. This revision of Soil Mechanics Note 1 and any future revisions of other Soil Mechanics Notes will be placed in the National Engineering Handbook, Part 633, Soil Engineering. This material isChapter 26, Gradation Design of Sand and Gravel Filters.

(210-vi–NEH, October 1994)

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Chapter 26

Gradation Design of Sand and Gravel Filters

Acknowledgments

Part 633 National Engineering Handbook

The criteria in this document are based on the results of an extensive laboratory filter study carried out by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) at the Soil Mechanics Laboratoryin Lincoln, Nebraska, from 1980 to 1985. The principals involved in this study were Lorn P. Dunnigan, SCS (retired), James R. Talbot, SCS (retired), and James L. Sherard, consultant (deceased). Revisions were developed in 1993 by Danny K. McCook, assistant head, Soil Mechanics Laboratory, SCS, Fort Worth, Texas; Charles H. McElroy, head of the Soil Mechanics Laboratory, SCS, Fort Worth, Texas; andJames R. Talbot, national soils engineer, SCS, Washington, DC (retired). Danny McCook developed the example problems. Special recognition is given to the following Soil Conservation Service engineers for their many helpful comments during the review process: Philip N. Jones, Lincoln, Nebraska; Christine M. Portillo, Fort Worth, Texas; William G. Hughey, Chester, Pennsylvania; and Clifton E. Deal,Portland, Oregon. Special thanks also to the following persons in the Technical Publishing Section of the National Cartography and GIS Staff, SCS, Fort Worth, Texas: Wendy Pierce for the graphic illustrations, Suzi Self for desktop publishing, and Mary Mattinson for her editorial contributions.

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(210-vi–NEH, October 1994)

Chapter 26

Chapter 26

Gradation Design of Sand andGravel Filters

Gradation Design ofNational Engineering Handbook Sand and Gravel Filters
Purpose Basic purpose of filters and drains Permeability and capacity Determining filter gradation limits Definitions References Appendixes Appendix 26A Appendix 26B Steps in Filter Design ........................................................ 26A–1 Standard ASTM Aggregate Specifications...................... 26B–1 26–1 26–1 26–2 26–2 26–37 26–37

Part 633

Contents:

633.2600 633.2601 633.2602 633.2603 633.2604 633.2605 633.2606

Tables

Table 26–1 Table 26–2 Table 26–3 Table 26–4 Table 26–5 Table 26–6 Table 26–7

Regraded gradation curve data Filtering criteria — Maximum D15 Permeability criteria Other filter design criteria Maximum and minimum particle size criteria Segregation...