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Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) is a school of engineering,[2] part of the Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (Technical University of Lisbon). Founded in 1911, IST is the largest and the most prestigious school of engineering in Portugal[citation needed]. It is a public school with a large degree of scientific and financial autonomy.[1]
IST, since its foundation, has been the largest school ofengineering, science and technology in Portugal, at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It develops strong research and development activities in accordance with the highest international standards. It has two campi, both located in the Greater Lisbon area (Alameda in Lisbon and Taguspark in Oeiras), and consists of ten Departments and one Autonomous Section that are responsible for teaching theundergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Each Department is organised in sections, which group together specific subjects within its scientific area. In addition, the laboratories of the several Departments are an important source of support to the teaching and research activities carried out at IST.
Today, IST offers 21 undergraduate programmes attended by more than 5,800 students, covering awide range of areas of knowledge, including not only all the traditional engineering specializations, but also other modern areas such as Biomedical Engineering, Aerospace and Physics Engineering.
Postgraduate training is also very important with over 4,300 students enrolled in 25 master's, 28 doctoral and several specialized programmes. Its highly-qualified faculty includes 1186 Ph.D. holders.IST is also actively involved in several networks and international programmes to promote student mobility, both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Through a large number of agreements with other institutions worldwide, IST participates in more than 20 Dual Master programmes, and joint PhD programmes with MIT, CMU, UT-Austin and EPFL.
IST benefits from an IBM supercomputer built in 2007,which is one of the most powerful in Portugal (1.6 TFLOPS as of 2007).[3]
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Programs of study
3 Affiliations
4 Locations
5 Notable alumni
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
[edit]History



Statue with initiatic purposes on the campus of Alameda in Lisbon
Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) was created in 1911 from the division of the Industrial andCommercial Institute of Lisbon. Alfredo Bensaúde, an engineer, was IST's first dean (1911–1922) and promoted a wide-rang reform in the Portuguese higher technical education, including the first engineering courses at IST: mining, civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical-industrial. IST's second dean was Duarte Pacheco (1927–1932), also an engineer, who was responsible for the construction of theuniversity campus at Alameda. The architect Porfírio Pardal Monteiro designed it. Meanwhile IST became part of the recently created Technical University of Lisbon. Throughout the following decade, the image of engineers from IST was projected into major engineering works, promoted by Duarte Pacheco, who was by the time Minister of Public Works.
Between 1952 and 1972, 12 study centres wereestablished in Portugal, three of them at IST, in the fields of chemistry, geology and mineralogy, and electronics. These centres were responsible for promoting faculty training and scientific qualification through doctoral studies in universities and research centres abroad. In 1970, the minimum period for obtaining a bachelor degree decreased from six to five years, and IST denoted a remarkable increaseof the number of students. During this period, scientific research at IST increased significantly, through the creation of the Complexo Interdisciplinar which fasten together various autonomous research units, and contributes to transform IST in a reference school at European level[according to whom?].
In the 1990s, new courses were created in cutting-edge engineering areas, including master...