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Lesson 1: The basics of C++

By Alex Allain
This tutorial series is designed for everyone: even if you've never programmed before or ifyou have extensive experience programming in other languages and want to expand into C++! It is for everyone who wants the feeling of accomplishment from a working program. 

What do I mean? C++ is aprogramming language--it will allow you to control your computer, making it do what you want it to do. This programming tutorial series is all about helping you take advantage of C++.
Getting Set Up- C++ Compilers
The very first thing you need to do, before starting out in C++, is to make sure that you have a compiler. What is a compiler, you ask? A compiler turns the program that you writeinto an executable that your computer can actually understand and run. If you're taking a course, you probably have one provided through your school. If you're starting out on your own, your best bet isto use Code::Blocks with MinGW. If you're on Linux, you can use g++, and if you're on Mac OS X, you can use XCode. (If you are stuck using an older compiler, such as Turbo C++, you'll need to readthis page on compatibility issues.) If you haven't yet done so, go ahead and get a compiler set up--you'll need it for the rest of the tutorial.
Intro to the C++ Language
A C++ program is a collectionof commands, which tell the computer to do "something". This collection of commands is usually called C++ source code, source code or just code. Commands are either "functions" or "keywords". Keywordsare a basic building block of the language, while functions are, in fact, usually written in terms of simpler functions--you'll see this in our very first program, below. (Confused? Think of it a bitlike an outline for a book; the outline might show every chapter in the book; each chapter might have its own outline, composed of sections. Each section might have its own outline, or it might...