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CHAPTER 12, LESSON 2

Summary: The Struggle for Freedom
The Antislavery Movement
Some Americans felt slavery was necessary. In the South, as cotton growing spread, many peoplealso wanted slavery to spread. Other Americans felt slavery was wrong. Some thought that enslaving people went against their religious beliefs. The Abolitionist movement to end slavery grew in the 1830sand 1840s. There were Abolitionists in the North and the South. Abolitionists were free blacks and whites, women and men. They wrote and spoke against slavery. William Lloyd Garrison started anAbolitionist newspaper called The Liberator. Free blacks gave most of the money to support the newspaper. Frederick Douglass escaped slavery. He spoke to white people about what it was like to be enslaved.Sojourner Truth also escaped slavery. She spoke for abolition and women’s rights. Sarah and Angelina Grimké grew up in a Southern slaveowning family. They traveled North and spoke out against slavery.By 1860, about 500,000 free blacks lived in the United States. They faced discrimination in both the North and South. Free blacks joined whites in creating the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833.Find and underline each vocabulary word.

abolitionist noun, someone who joined the movement to end slavery discrimination noun, the unfair treatment of particular groups Underground Railroad noun,a series of escape routes and hiding places to bring people out of slavery

The Underground Railroad
Some Abolitionists worked in secret. Free blacks gave most of the money and did most of thework to support the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was a series of escape routes and hiding places called “stations.” Runaways could leave the United States and go north to Canada orsouth to Mexico, Florida, or the Caribbean. If they were caught, they were returned to slavery and punished. People who guided runaways were called “conductors.” The most famous conductor was Harriet...