Associated Urinary Tract Infection In Preterm Labor

Universidad Veracruzana.

Centro de Idiomas.

Campus Poza Rica-Tuxpan.

  ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN PRETERM LABOR

Authors:

Abstract.
Urinary tract infection associated in preterm labor.
Background: Urinary tract infection is considered the most common conditions associated with pregnancy and also causes abortions and premature labor, it has a prevalence of 6 to 12% amongtotal pregnancies among its most common presentations are cystitis , pyelonephritis and asymptomatic bacteriuria, which are in turn associated with low socioeconomic status, parity, including kidney stones, and studies in Poza Rica have shown a much higher prevalence of this entity.
Objectives: Determine that urinary tract infections are the leading cause of preterm labor.
Material andmethods: Using an observational, transversal, prospective analysis, with inclusion criteria Pregnant with threatened preterm delivery, gestational age pregnancies in the 22 and before 37 SDG., Complete record, or diagnoses suggesting urinary tract infection; through a non-probability sampling and a sample of 162 patients will be studied as well, female patients of any age who presented to theemergency department of obstetrics and gynecology with threatened preterm delivery, determining the characteristic of each tract infection, previous list issued by the Head of Service and with his authorization, in retrospect from this month to complete the sample. Thus were coded data into Excel for analysis and represented by mean, standard deviation and inferential analysis with Chi square, OR andCI 95% and p <0.05 for significance.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Urinary tract infection is defined as the colonization of bacteria in the urinary tract, classified microbiologically as a count of more than 100,000 CFU / ml in urine, assuming proper sample collection. It should be noted that there have been reports of pregnant women with urinary tract infection with counts from 20,000 to 50,000CFU, which have required treatment due to the presence of symptoms (Pappas, (1991)- Andriole (1991).
The urinary tract infection, affects 6-12% of all pregnancies, in different presentations such as asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis and pyelonephritis.
Pregnancy induces physiological changes in women among them are: collecting system dilatation, increased renal plasma flow, increasedglomerular filtration rate (which may produce glycosuria not significant), alterations in the reabsorption of electrolytes, hormonal changes caused by progesterone to tone down the increasing bladder filling capacity, favoring the bladder ectasia. Other predisposing factors are: the short female urethra measuring only 4 to 6 cm compared to male measuring 14 to 16 cm. The bladder trauma} generated duringintercourse which favors colonization by microorganisms of rectal and vaginal flora. Dextrorotación the sigmoid colon uterus causes compression of the right ureter resulting in stasis and vesiculo-ureteral reflux. As for the presentation, asymptomatic bacteriuria meet the criteria of positive urine culture count described above, but no symptoms or clinical signs. From 2 to 10% of pregnant women withno history, develop and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria, 30 to 50% will progress to pyelonephritis, this in turn may be associated with acute renal failure, sepsis and septic shock (Yomayusa (2004)).
Increased risk of preterm delivery and infant low birth weight. In fact, in pregnant women who present with urinary tract infection, the rate of prematurity has been associated from 20 to 50%demonstrated a lower correlation with lower urinary tract infections and higher with renal parenchymal infection. The highest fetal mortality occurs when infection occurs during the 15 days preceding the birth (Elera (2001)).

Figure 1. anatomy of pregnancy which shows the closeness of the cervix and bladder.

Cystitis is characterized by symptoms confined to the bladder, such as dysuria,...